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Diabetes MS 1

QuestionAnswer
Hypoglycemia manifestations Sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hunger, headache, confusion, memory lapses, slurred speech, drowsiness
Hypoglycemia management 15-15-15, 3 or 4 glucose tablets, subq or intramuscular glucagon
Metabolic syndrome (3 of 5) Enlarged waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced Hal, hypertension, elevated fasting glucose
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Absence or inadequate amount of insulin resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
Diabetic Ketoacidosis assessment Hyperglycemia, dehydration, acidosis, ketones in blood and urine, increase in creatinine, Hct, BUN, kussmaul respirations
Nephropathy Damage to small blood vessels that supply glomeruli to kidney, annual screening for albuminuria and albumin-to-creatinine ratio, risk of amputation
Sensory Neuropathy Loss of sensation, abnormal sensations, pain and paresthesia, affects hands and or feet bilaterally: stocking glove neuropathy
Nephropathy risk factors HTN, genetics, smoking, chronic hyperglycemia
Angiopathy Long-term complications are devastating; require ongoing monitoring (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, foot exam, cardiovascular risk assessment), daily foot exam, daily nail care via podiatrist
Long-term complications of diabetes Macrovascular, microvascular, neuropathic
Macrovascular Accelerated atherosclerotic changes; coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease
Microvascular Microangiopathy; diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy
Neuropathic Peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathies, hypoglycemic unawareness, neuropathy, sexual dysfunction
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome High mortality rate, caused by lack of insulin; ketones is minimal or absent, causes osmotic diuretics, loss of water and electrolytes, hypernatremia, and increased osmolality
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar manifestations Hypotension, dehydration, tachycardia, neurologic signs caused by cerebral dehydration
Created by: Haydenmeh
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