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Bio chapter 3
biology exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the molecular formula for water? | H2O |
| What 3 physical states can water be found in? | Solid, liquid, and gas |
| Why is water such an important molecule to life? | Water is need for every living organism to live |
| What connect oxygen and hydrogen together? | Covalent bonds |
| What is a polar covalent bond? | They have an uneven distribution of electrons, causing one end of the molecule to be slightly positive and the other end slightly negative |
| What is hydrogen bonding? | It is a specific type of dipole-to-dipole attraction, consistently forming, breaking, and reforming |
| What is cohesion? | Molecules of the same substance sticking to one another (H2O to another H2O) |
| What type of bond between water molecules create this cohesive property of water? | Hydrogen bonds |
| What is adhesion? | Attraction between different substances (H2O to something else like NH3) |
| What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? | Cohesion sticks to the same substance while adhesion sticks to different substance |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion |
| What is heat the measure of? | The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion |
| What does temperature measure? | The intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of a molecule |
| What is the relationship between energy, heat, and temperature? | Heat is the total energy of the particles in a substance, while temp is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. Between heat and temp, when heat is added to a substance, its temp increases, and when heat is removed, its temp decreases |
| What is specific heat of a substance? | Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 10c |
| What is evaporative cooling? | As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools |
| Why is evaporative cooling beneficial to living organisms? | It helps maintain body temperature and cools the body down when it gets too hot |
| How can a large body of water affect the climate of the adjacent land mass? | The water can absorb huge amounts of heat while only changing a few degrees in temperature |
| Why is ice less dense than the liquid form of water? | Hydrogen bonds in ice are more "ordered", allowing ice to float |
| Why is ice being less dense than liquid water beneficial to living organisms? | If ice sank, all bodies of water would eventually freeze solid, making it impossible to have life on Earth |
| What is solute? | Substance that is dissolved |
| What is solvent? | Dissolving agent of solution |
| What is solution? | homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent |
| What are aqueous solutions? | Solutions in which water is the solvent |
| ___ dissolves ___. | Like dissolves like |
| Is water polar? | What is polar and likes to dissolve other polar substances |
| What happens when an ionic compound is dissolved in water? | Each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called hydration shells. |
| What is an example of an ionic compound? | Salt |
| What is a hydrophobic solution? | One that does NOT have an affinity for water like oil or water |
| What is a hydrophilic solution? | Something that has an affinity for water, will dissolve and interact with and in water |
| How is H+ made? | Has an extra proton |
| How is OH- made? | When the molecule lost the proton |
| What are the concentrations of H+ and OH-? | They are equal to pure water |
| What is an acid? | Any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution |
| What is a base? | Any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution |
| What is pH? | A quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions |
| What is pH scale? | A number scale from 0 to 14 that tells us how acidic an aqueous solution is |
| 0 on the pH scale is ___ | The most acidic |
| 14 on the pH scale is ___ | Not acidic, alkaline |
| What are buffers? | Substance that minimizes changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution |
Created by:
josie_d
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