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Terms Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pathology | the study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death |
| pathophysiology | the study of how disease affects body function |
| health | having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| disease | being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| etiology | the study of the cause of a disease |
| genetic | a disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene |
| congenital | a disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth |
| acquired | a disease, condition, or trait that developed from being exposed to something during your life |
| idiopathic | without a clearly identified cause |
| signs | evidence of a disease that is objective that can be measured, seen, or recorded |
| symptoms | evidence of a disease that is subjective that can not be seen, measured, or recorded |
| pathogenesis | the events leading up to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses |
| acute | a disease that develops quickly and resolves quickly |
| chronic | a disease that develops over time and lasts 3 months or longer |
| remission | the lessening in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms or signs |
| local | a condition that is confined to one area |
| systemic | a condition that affects the whole body |
| endoscopy | a procedure that uses a fiber optic camera to view structures of the body |
| radiodensity | the ability of an object to stop or slow radiation |
| x-rays | a visual recording of differences in radiodensity of anatomical structures |
| contrast x-rays | x-rays that use contrast media (dye) to increase radiodensity of selected fluids within the body producing an image. |
| ultrasound | a visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects within the body |
| electrocardiograms | a recording of the electrical activity in the heart |
| electroencephalograms | a recording of the electrical activity in the brain, cerebral cortex |
| spirometry | any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the lungs. PFT's |
| chemotherapy | the use of chemicals to kill cells within the body. |
| pharmacological | the use of drugs to treat disease |
| palliative | any form of treatment that relives signs or symptoms without curing the disease |
| prognosis | a prediction of the likely outcome or consequence of a disease |
| sequela | a consequence of a previous disease |
| complications | a morbid processor event occurring during a disease that is not the essential part of the disease, but may result from it. |
| terminal | a disease likely to cause death |
| trauma | the transfer of harmful amount of energy. The energy may be electrical, mechanical, radiation, or thermal |
| deficiency | lacking something that is essential |
| intoxication | being exposed to something to a toxic level |
| hypertrophy | to increase in size |
| atrophy | to decrease in size |
| hyperplasia | an increase in the rate of mitosis |
| metaplasia | a change in tissue structure |
| dysplasia | irregular tissue structure. Cancerous |
| neoplasia | growth of tissue into new areas. Tumor either benign or malignant |
| inflammation | the protective response of tissue to injury or infection that increases bloof flow to the affected area as a result from chemical mediators of inflammation |
| pyrogens | chemicals that lead to fever |
| leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBC's to more than 10,000/mm3 as a result from infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage. |
| exudate | the excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Lots of proteins and neutrophils |
| serous exudate | thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation |
| purulent exudate | thick, creamy, white/yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. PUS |
| suppurative inflammation | production of pus |
| regeneration | the ability to replace damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring tissue to its normal condition |
| repair | replacing tissue with scar tissue |
| adhesions | the binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue |
| keloid scarring | the over production of scar tissue that occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous that results in a mass of tissue |
| contracture | shortening of scar tissue over time or the shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes |
| stenosis | the narrowing of any canal or opening |
| sclerosis | the process of hardening |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| prodromal stage | an early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. "Coming down with something" |
| anaphylaxis | a severe, systematic allergic response characterized by vasodilation (drop in BP) and bronchoconstriction. |
| immunosurveillance | the immune systems constant search for antigens |
| immunotolerance | the immune systems ability to recongize and not attack normally occurring tissues |
| incubation | the development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until the appearance of the first clinical s/s |
| acute stage | the time during an infection when clinical s/s begin to develop |
| benign | a nonmalignant tumor |
| malignant | a cancerous tumor |
| angiogenesis | the development of new blood vessels (capillaries) |
| tumor markers | proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person's blood |
| carcinoma | a malignancy that originates in epithelial tissues |
| sarcoma | a malignancy that occurs in connective tissue |
| glioma | a malignancy that occurs in the central nervous system |
| carcinogenesis | the process of developing a malignant tumor |
| initiators of cancer | carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenes |
| promoters of cancer | carcinogens that decrease the body's ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes |
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