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Electrolytes MS 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hyponatremia manifestations | anorexia, N/V, lethargy, decreased DTRs, muscle cramping, twitching, tachycardia, ortho hypo, SEIZURES, neuro changes, memory loss |
| Hypernatremia manifestations | Fluid retention, lethargy, decreased DTRs, hypertension, tachycardia, ortho hypo, SEIZURES, neuro changes, disorientation |
| Hyponatremia management | Sodium replacement, water restriction, I&Os, daily weight |
| Hypernatremia management | Hypotonic solution, diuretics, monitor LOC + blood pressure |
| Hypokalemia manifestations | Decreased BP, thready pulse, muscle cramps, decreased DTRs, confusion, hypoactive bowels, N/V, constipation, paralytic ileum, dysrhythmia, ST depression |
| Hyperkalemia manifestations | Slow irregular pulse, tachycardia, hypotension, peaked T-waves, V-fib, dysrhythmias, wide QRS, numbness, restlessness, weakness, confusion, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds |
| Hypokalemia management | Monitor ECG and ABGs, potassium replacement (diet, oral or IV if severe), monitor patients taking dioxin, establish urine output |
| Hyperkalemia management | Monitor ECG and HR, obtain apical pulse, limit potassium intake, administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate, administer IV slowly with infusion pump |
| Hyperkalemia management (Emergent care) | IV calcium gluconate, IV sodium bicarbonate, IV regular insulin and dextrose IV, beta 2 agonists, dialysis |
| Hypocalcemia manifestations | Tetany, hyperactive DTRs, seizures, trousseau sign, Chvostek sign, dyspnea, strider, diarrhea, osteoporosis, dysrhythmias, delirium, abnormal blood clotting |
| Hypercalcemia manifestations | Renal calculi, polyuria, bone pain, muscle weakness, constipation or diarrhea, peptic ulcer, ECG changes, depressed DTRs, lethargy, altered mental status |
| Hypocalcemia management | IV calcium gluconate, seizure precautions, fall risk, exercises, oral calcium and vitamin D, monitor ECG and respiratory status, bleed precautions |
| Hypercalcemia management | IV fluids, furosemide, phosphates calcitonin, bisphosphonates, increase mobility, fiber for constipation, severe cases may require dialysis |
| Hypomagnesemia manifestations | Tetany, Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, psychosis, confusion, ataxia, insomnia, tremors, muscle weakness, ECG changes, dysrhythmias |
| Hypermagnesemia manifestations | Depressed DTRs, drowsiness, lethargy, muscle weakness, depressed respirations, ECG changes, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest |
| Hypomagnesemia management | Magnesium sulfate IV w/ infusion pump, seizure precautions, diet (green, leafy vegetables, beans, almonds, peanut butter), monitor for dysphagia |
| Hypermagnesemia management | IV calcium gluconate, ventilatory support, hemodialysis, loop diuretics, sodium chloride, lactated ringers, check DTRs, LOC, ECG |
Created by:
Haydenmeh
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