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Bio Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eukaryote | is any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. |
| Prokaryote | is a type of cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. |
| What happens in G1 Stage? | Cell increases in size |
| What happens in Synthesis (S) Stage? | The cell copies its DNA. |
| What happens in G2 Stage? | The cell prepares to divide. |
| What happens in Mitosis Stage? | The cell divides |
| Prophase | chromosomes condense and spindle forms |
| Prometaphase | nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to spindle (this stage is sometimes included in prophase) |
| Metaphase | chromosomes align at the equator of the cell |
| Anaphase | sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles |
| Telophase | chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms |
| Cytokinesis phase | cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed (this stage is sometimes considered a separate process from mitosis |
| What is DNA? | is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. Its structure is often described as a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder |
| Nucleotides | The building blocks of DNA, each consisting of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Nitrogenous Phase | There are four types - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine ©, and Guanine (G). A pairs with T, and C pairs with G, forming the rungs of the ladder. |
| Sugar Phosphate Backbone | The sides of the ladder are made up of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. |
| DNA Replication | the process through which a cell’s DNA forms two exact copies of itself. |
| Mutation | an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA |
| What is the behavior of Cancer Cells? | Uncontrolled growth: Cancer cells grow in the absence of signals telling them to stop. |
| What is the behavior of Normal Cells? | They grow, divide and die. |
| Name 3 Cancer Treatment methods |