Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Minerals and Rocks
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| inorganic | matter that is not, or never was, living |
| crystal | atoms in minerals are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over again |
| 4 basic characteristics of minerals | formed by natural processes; are inorganic solids; elements or compounds with a chemical composition unique to that mineral; crystal structures |
| color | the most obvious, but one of the least reliable methods of identifying minerals |
| hardness | measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| luster | how light s reflected from a mineral's surface |
| metallic | minerals that look like metal |
| non-metallic | minerals vary greatly in appearance and are usually described as shiny, pearly, waxy, glassy, etc. |
| cleavage and fracture | refers to the way minerals break. |
| gems | highly prized minerals because they are rare and beautiful |
| ores | minerals that contain a useful substance that can be minded for money |
| igneous rock | molten material from a volcano (lava) or from deep inside the earth (magma) which cools and hardens |
| extrusive igneous rock | rock (volcanic) formed on the Earth's surface when molten rock flows out of the earth (lava) and cools quickly at the surface to form fine crystals. |
| intrusive igneous rock | rock (plutonic) that is formed in the Earth when molten rock flows upward into the more solid part of the crust. these rocks have a coarse - grained texture. Example: granite |
| sedimentary rock | can form from particles of rock, from remains of plants or animals, or from chemical reactions; classified by their composition and by the way they were formed |
| clastic sedimentary rocks | sedimentary rocks that come from fragments of other rocks. Example: shale and sandstone |
| non-clastic organic rocks | sedimentary rock that comes from the remains of organisms. Example: coal, limestone |
| non-clastic chemical sedimentary rocks | sedimentary rock is formed when mineral grains dissolved in precipitated or left behind when a solution evaporates. Example: rock salt, gypsum |
| metamorphic rock | forms from other rocks by heat and pressure and are classified by their texture |
| foliated metamorphic rock | metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains within the rock that are arranged in nearly parallel layers. Example: slate, schist, and gneiss |
| non-foliated metamorphic rock | metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains that change, grow and rearrange but don't form parallel layers, Example: quartzite and marble |
| Ways in which rocks are changed | weathering, erosion, deposition, sediments, compaction, cementation, melting, cooling & hardening, heat & pressure |
| weathering | process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces called sediments |
| erosion | movement of weathered materials to new locations, where they are then deposited |
| deposition | the laying down of rock forming material from any natural process |
| sediments | small pieces of loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plant and animal remains |
| compaction | occurs when small sediments stick together to form solid rock |
| cementation | occurs when large sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between the sediments |
| melting | when rocks are buried deep enough to be melted back into magma |
| cooling and hardening | allows crystals to form |
| heat and pressure | when existing rocks are buried deep and are heated by a nearby source of magma |
Created by:
user-1856292
Popular Earth Science sets