click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Apologia Bio Mod 7
Question | Answer |
---|---|
genetics | the science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring |
genetic tendancy | A range of possible traits set in DNA |
genetic factors | the general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA |
environmental factors | those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as parents, friends, and behavioural choices |
spiritual factors | the factors in a person's life that are determined by his relationship with God |
gene | a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait |
messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA that performs transcription |
transfer RNA (tRNA) | a big molecule containing an anticodon |
anticodon | a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA |
codon | a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid |
exons | the sections of mRNA used to make proteins |
introns | nucleotide sequence bases that separate exons |
histones | proteins that act as spools for DNA |
nucleosomes | histones with DNA wrapped around them |
chromosome | DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell |
condensed chromosome | a chromosome in as tightly packed a package as possible (for reproduction) |
mitosis | a process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells |
interphase | the time interval between cellular reproduction |
sister chromatids | a chromosome and its duplicate |
cell cycle | interphase and mitosis |
mother cell | a cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles |
prophase | duplicated chromosomes condense and attatch at a centromere |
centromere | the region that joins two sister chromatids |
homologous chromosome pairs | a homologue - pairs of chromosomes that are similar but not identical |
sex chromosomes | the x and y chromosome that determine sex |
karotype | the figure produces when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs |
diploid cell | a cell with chromosomes in homologous pairs |
haploid cell | a cell with only one representative of each chromosome pair |
diploid number | the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
haploid number | the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell |
meiosis | the process by which a diploid cell forms gametes |
gametes | haploid cells produced by diploid cells for sexual reproduction |
virus | a non-cellular infectious agent with two traits1. it has RNA or DNA in a protective protein coat 2. it can't reproduce on its own |
phagocytic cell | destroys pathogens through engulfation |
lymph nodes | contain phagocytic cells |
antibodies | specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
vaccine | a weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the bodies production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen |