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Apologia Bio Mod 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | the science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring |
| genetic tendancy | A range of possible traits set in DNA |
| genetic factors | the general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA |
| environmental factors | those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as parents, friends, and behavioural choices |
| spiritual factors | the factors in a person's life that are determined by his relationship with God |
| gene | a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA that performs transcription |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | a big molecule containing an anticodon |
| anticodon | a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA |
| codon | a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid |
| exons | the sections of mRNA used to make proteins |
| introns | nucleotide sequence bases that separate exons |
| histones | proteins that act as spools for DNA |
| nucleosomes | histones with DNA wrapped around them |
| chromosome | DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell |
| condensed chromosome | a chromosome in as tightly packed a package as possible (for reproduction) |
| mitosis | a process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells |
| interphase | the time interval between cellular reproduction |
| sister chromatids | a chromosome and its duplicate |
| cell cycle | interphase and mitosis |
| mother cell | a cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles |
| prophase | duplicated chromosomes condense and attatch at a centromere |
| centromere | the region that joins two sister chromatids |
| homologous chromosome pairs | a homologue - pairs of chromosomes that are similar but not identical |
| sex chromosomes | the x and y chromosome that determine sex |
| karotype | the figure produces when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs |
| diploid cell | a cell with chromosomes in homologous pairs |
| haploid cell | a cell with only one representative of each chromosome pair |
| diploid number | the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| haploid number | the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell |
| meiosis | the process by which a diploid cell forms gametes |
| gametes | haploid cells produced by diploid cells for sexual reproduction |
| virus | a non-cellular infectious agent with two traits1. it has RNA or DNA in a protective protein coat 2. it can't reproduce on its own |
| phagocytic cell | destroys pathogens through engulfation |
| lymph nodes | contain phagocytic cells |
| antibodies | specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| vaccine | a weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the bodies production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen |
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