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POS2041 EXAM 1
EXAM 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anarchy | No ones in charge, theres no ruler. based on voluntary cooperation |
| Autocracy | Dictatorship, rule of/by the ONE. Obtained by force and has complete control |
| Monarchy | King and queen. decided by birthright |
| Oligarchy | Rule by the few. extremely wealthy people/business leaders that make decisions for the people |
| Democracy | Rule by the many. The people rule and are in charge of what the government does |
| Direct democracy | rule by the people, exercised in open assemblies |
| Representative/indirect democracy | People select others to act on their behalf. |
| Referendums | When a state, town, or city comes up with a law they want to pass and the PEOPLE put it to a vote |
| Recall | When someone's job in a government position is put to a vote |
| Initiatives | People can write their own legislation and then its voted on |
| Pop Sovereignty | People are the ultimate source of government authority. govt is determined by what the people want |
| Political equality | the idea that each person carries the same weight in voting and political decision making. one person, one vote. |
| political liberty | basic freedoms essential to forming and expressing majority opinion. first amendment protections |
| Declaration of independence | people possess rights that cannot be taken away from them, and the government protects these rights |
| Constitution | to institutionalize the ideas introduced in the D of I and make sure the rules are upheld. |
| Articles of Confederation | Loose construction and first constitution that provided no power to do anything |
| Federalist #10 | Says factions were a big problem and thinks controlling them is the only way to help by electing people to represent each group. argument for a republican government |
| Constitutional convention | an attempt to write a new constitution |
| Federalists | wanted a strong national government |
| anti-federalists | wanted a weak national government |
| VG Plan | What the big states wanted, a strong central govt with a bicameral congress |
| NJ Plan | What the small states wanted, a central govt with a unicameral congress |
| Electoral college | chooses the President |
| Article I, section 8 | Gives congress the authority to make laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry its LISTED(enumerated) powers. |
| Article VI, Section 2 | The Constitution and laws of the U.S. are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws/constitutions. Gives more power to the national government. Supremacy Clause |
| Originalists | Thinks the Constitution should be stick to its meaning when it was adopted. a minority view |
| Living document interpretation | The constitution is an evolving document that is flexible to accommodate the concerns of the people |
| Federalism | Form of government that divides sovereign powers between the state and nation. |
| 10th amendment | the reserved powers unique to the U.S. EX: tax, declare war. Explicitly states what the national government can do |
| Concurrent powers | Shared between the national and state governments. EX: Tax, borrow money, establish courts |
| Supremacy clause | when state laws and constitutions conflict with national law, national law takes precedence |
| Full faith +credit clause | States must respect each others legal actions and judgements. in article VI |
| Privileges and immunities clause | All citizens must have the same rights, no matter the state. in article VI |
| Nationalist | Believes that constitution was formed to create a single national community. |
| McCulloh v. Maryland 1819 | ruled that the congress has power to create the bank and states cannot tax institutions created by the national government. Uses the necessary/proper and supremacy clause. Limits state power |
| Gibbons V. Ogden 1824 | Commerce clause gives congress the authority over interstate navigation |
| FDR New Deal 1930 | in response to the Great Depression, it established many national programs to save/stabilize the economy |
| LBJ'S great society 1960 | Created federal programs to address civil rights and more |
| Devolution | The push to give more powers to the states |
| Fiscal federalism | The transfer of money from the national to the state and local governments |
| Categorical Grants | Federal aid to states and localities clearly specifying what the money can be used for EX: Medicaid |
| Block grants | Federal grants to the states to be used for general activities |
| Formula-based grants | Formula for how much $ a state receives based on statistical characteristics |
| Descriptive representation | A representative is a member of the represented group- reflects the demographic |
| Substantive | Representative's opinions reflect the needs of the people who they represent |
| Collective | Represents a group of people whether they reside in the district or not EX :political parties |
| Individualism | Equality of opportunity |
Created by:
ccpomeranc
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