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Chapter 2 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest chemical units of matter are | Atoms |
| The protons and neutrons of an atom are found in the | Nucleus |
| Organic molecules typically contain what element? | Carbon |
| A + B ----> AB is an example of a ________ reaction | synthesis |
| The four major classes of organic compounds are | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| occur when electrons are shared | covalent bonds |
| 65% of body mass | oxygen |
| Na | sodium |
| Needed for thyroid hormone production | iodine |
| K | potassium |
| Needed for blood to carry oxygen | iron |
| Carbohydrate molecules | are the body’s principle source of energy |
| simple sugars such as glucose | Monosaccharides |
| starches | polysaccharides |
| the removal of one water molecule in order to combine two monosaccharides together. | dehydration synthesis |
| DNA, RNA, enzymes, amino acids | protein |
| Nucleic acids are composed of units called | nucleotides |
| Polysaccharides are made up of long chains of | monosaccharides |
| fats and oils, important constituents of the cell membranes, serve as a reserve energy source | Lipids |
| The most important high energy compound | ATP |
| occurs in the cytoplasm | Glycolysis |
| this process removes hydrogen atoms from pyruvic acid and transfer them to the ETC | Krebs Cylce |
| The summary of ATP gain through the cellular respiration cycle | 36 |
| Which of the following parts of cellular respiration actually produces the greatest amount of ATP? | ETC |
| occurs in the mitochondria | Krebs Cycle |
| Used to insulate the body & found in cell membranes. | Fats |
| The 20 naturally occurring units of a protein. | amino acids |
| Protein that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions. | enzyme |
| DNA, RNA | Nucleic Acid |
| starches | carbohydrate |
| The pH scale goes from 0-14 with any liquid having a ph reading above 7 is a.. | base |
| Results in the production of Lactic Acid. | Fermentation |
| The amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1kg water | kilocalorie |
| nutrients that must be eaten because the body cannot synthesize these from other nutrients | essential nutrients |
| the amount of energy an individual uses at rest to sustain basic processes | Resting metabolic rate (RMR) |
| 45-65% daily intake | Carbohydrates |
| 25-35% daily intake | Fats |
| .8 g/ kg body weight for daily intake | protein |
| products like meat, tofu, soybeans | protein |
| all amino acids must be present for protein synthesis to occur | all of none rule |
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