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2 Chem of Life
Chapter 2 Terms (Berean)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Substance | a form of matter that has characteristic chemical properties |
| Atom | the smallest stable unit of all matter (physical material), which is comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Element | a pure substance that is composed of a unique type of atom |
| Molecule | a group of atoms that form a unit with specific chemical properties. The atoms may be the same or they may be different, depending on the specific chemical involved. |
| Compound | a substance that contains two or more atoms from different types of elements held together by chemical bonds |
| Hydrophilic | having a tendency to be attracted to water |
| Hydrophobic | having a tendency to repel water |
| Cohesive | a property in which the molecules of a substance are attracted to its own molecules |
| Adhesive | a property in which the molecules of a substance are attracted to other similar substances |
| Carbohydrate | a molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in which there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms |
| Lipid | a hydrophobic macromolecule that readily dissolves in nonpolar environments |
| Protein | a complex polypeptide that plays a role in the chemistry of an organism |
| Nucleic acids | the molecules involved in the making of proteins and the passage of traits from one generation to another |
| Replication | the process by which DNA is copied to produce two duplicate double helixes |
| Transcription | the process by which DNA is used to produce messenger RNA |
| Translation | the process by which the information on mRNA is converted into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein |
| Gene | a sequence of nucleotide bases on DNA that codes for a macromolecule (such as a protein or RNA) |