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CELL 120 Unit 1

CELL120 Flashcards

Answer
The Scientific Method Observe, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion.
Hypothesis Development Specificity (narrow), simplicity (testing 1 thing), theoretical relevance (consistant with a body of facts).
Ho/Ha Null and alternative hypothesis. Reject/Fail to Reject based on evidence.
Experimental Design Comparison (>2 groupes), control (same variables except test), randomization (randomly assign treatments), replication (must be able to do it again. 9 times out of 10 = result)
Inclusion criteria: a clinical diagnosis of muscular dystrophy and > 18 years old and exclusion criteria of BMI > 30 and comorbidities of Parkinson's disease or sarcoma are examples of which principle of experimental design? Control
By not randomizing which cohort is assigned what treatment, you introduce ...? Implicit Bias
Which source of tissue yields the highest quality DNA? Cryopreserved tumor tissue
Qualitative data Characteristics. Nominal: gender, hair color, ethnicity. Ordinal: 1st, 2nd child, grades, economic status.
Quantitative data Numbers. Discrete: by an unchanging interval. Shoe size, price of gasoline, # of students. Continuous: infinite possibilities. Height, square footage, car speed.
Precision How consistant a measurement is (effected by systematic errors. Evaluated with Standard Deviation)
Accuracy How close a measurement is to the true value (effected by random errors, evaluated with percent error)
Specificity SPECIFIES which people DON'T have the disease. (Confidence in a negative test)
Sensitivity SENSES which people DO have a disease. (Can identify small amounts of asymptomatic individuals)
Random Errors Chance. Slight fluctuations in instruments, environment, the way a measurement is read. Not the same error each time.
Systematic Errors Consistently different from the true value with the same error. Improperly calibrated instruments, poorly trained personal. A form of bias.
Mean Average. Doesn't tell the whole story, affected by outliers. Standard deviation.
Median Better for data with outliers. Range.
Error bars Show 1 standard dev. above and below the mean.
68, 95, 99.7% rule Shows how much data falls 1, 2, or 3 standard deviations away from the mean.
P-Value The probability of a statistic being random chance. Hence why a small P-value means statistical significance.
Z-Score How many standard deveations away the data falls.
Box and Whisker plot Shows outliers, range, and quartiles.
Violin plot Shows population distribution.
Principals of presenting data Simple and organized, consistant color schemes, color draws attention to important things, not mislead people with graphics.
What is the best cancer model? 3D Tumor Organoids (efficient, relevant, and manipulated)
Created by: lilelise
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