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Med-Sur ch12 resp.
med-surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| perfusion | blood flow into cellular tissue |
| ventilatory diseases | infection of respiratory tract, restrictive & obstructive |
| Restrictive diseses | characterized by decreased lung capacity(they limit the expansion of the lung and chest wall) |
| Ex's of restrictive diseases that decrease the size of the chest cavity? | Scoliosis, Kyphosis |
| Arthritis does what to the chest wall | it increases stiffness in chest wall |
| Pneumothorax | collasped lungs,decreases lung surface |
| Myasthenis Gravis | nueromuscular disease that weakens the strenth of respirations |
| characteristics of Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | < air in and out of lungs, narrowing of tracheobranchial tree which < air flow making hard for oxygen to to enter |
| examples of Obstructive disorders | Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema |
| Apena | absence of breathing |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Compliance | elasticity of the lungs |
| What controls involuntary and voluntary respirations | The CNS via the Pons and the Medulla |
| Who sholud be immunized against Influenza ? | health care workers,common side affects include fever -malaise-muscle soresness-few develope Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| Who should not get the Influenza vaccine and why? | people with allergies to eggs because vaccine is prepare from chicken embros |
| URI's | Upper Respiratiory Infections |
| Surfactant | lipoprotein made by alveoli, aids respirations and lowere surface tention in alveoli |
| Ventilation | moving air from outside enviroment to lungs |
| Aponia | loss of voice, hoarseness |
| Signs of Chronic respiratory or Heart Disease | Cyanosis, Clubbing of the fingers with rounded nails(tips are wider at distal end) |
| Sputum | material that comes up from bronchial tree |
| Nonproductive Cough | produces no Sputum |
| Signs of COPD | breathing through mouth,numerous pillows to elevate head of bed,flaring of nostrils, elevated sholuders and ribs when breathing, restlessness |
| Orthopena | pt can breath only when in a sitting position |
| Barrel like apperance of chest is characteristic of what? | Obstrictive disorders |
| Wheezing | high-pitched sound, air moves through a narrow air way |
| Rhonchi | low-pitched sound, snorous caused by secretions in larger air passages |
| Crackles | fine or coarse, air passes through moisture in sm airways. sound like hair rubbed between 2 fingers |
| Stridor | croaking sounds |
| Adventitious sound | abnormal sound that occurs when irritated visceral and pleural rub together |
| test done to check for < oxygen carring ability of the blood | CBC w/Hemoglobin & Hematicrit |
| Sequelae | following results |
| this is done when pt though to have TB | Sputum testing for acid-fast Bacilli, collect 1st thing in the morning |
| Most reliable test for TB according to CDC | QuantiFERON-TB Gold(simple blood test) |
| Normal Peak flow values(amout of air exhaled) | 300-700L/min |
| signs that good intervention for respiratory disorders are improving | improved breathing, arterial blood gases, and lung sounds. less coughing,sputum , wheezing and infection |
| most effective way to remove sputum | deep breathing and coughing technique |
| These thin the sputum so they can be spit out | cough meds |
| Antitussives | inhibit the cough reflex |
| these are given to coat and protect the throat, | cough syrups(don't take water after dose) |
| why is oral care important for pt's with bacterial infections and chronic repiratory disease? | it helps with bad taste in mouth and < chance of pathogenic microorganism will be aspirated deep into air passages |
| when suctioning pt's be careful because | the process removes oxygen, see pg. 293 put suction guage at 80-100 mm Hg |
| Best positin to facilitate breathing | high Fowler's |
| When pt's has severe Dyspnea what position should they be put in? | Orothopneic(sitting up in bed while leaing on bed side table with pillow on it and behind pt's back) |
| how does a full stomach contribute to Dyspnea? | it takes of room in body cavity for the lungs to expand( pt should get small, frequent feedings) |
| Hypercapnia/Hypercarbia | retention of excess amount of CO2, results from hypoventilation |
| This respiratory stimulant > rate of respirations | CO2 pg. 293 |
| Respiratory failure is defined by what? | PaO2-partial pressure of arterial oxygen of <50 mm Hg & Pco2-partial pressure of carbon dioxide of >50 mm Hg |
| >CO2 in boby does what? | >RR, Mental confusion, HR>, > Pulse pg. 293 |
| Hypocapnia | <Co2 levels, results from hyperventilation and causes Respiratory Alkalosis |
| common conditions related with Hypocapnia | >metabolic rate(Thyrotoxicosis), persistant temp, improper use of ventilation. |
| Signs of respiratory Alkalosis | vertigo, blurred vision, neuromuscular reflexes, diaphoresis |
| breathing pattern evident in diabetic acidosis and coma? | Kussmauls respiration(fast deep resp. w/noexpiratory pause |
| These respirations have fast deep resp. w/abrupt pauses in between | Biot's Respirations |
| This respiration has prolonged gasping inhalations w/ ineffective exhaltions | Apena( no breathing, damage to respiratory centers of brain occurs) |
| These respirations are faster & deeper then come slower and shallower w/peroids of Apnea | Cheyne-Stokes |
| BRADYPENA | SLOW RESPIRATIONS |
| TACHYPNEA | RAPID BREATHING |
| COMPLIANCE | REFERS TO THE ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS |
| HYPOXIA | oxygen deficience in the tissues, produces loss of energy because it causes disturbances in cellular metabolism |
| Laryngoscopy | invasive test to obtain tissue biopsy. patient NPO after midnight, ck gag reflex post porcedure |
| Mediatinoscopy | invasive, need consent, uses a scope inspect lung tissue. |
| Chest X-ray | looks for pathological condition of lungs |
| CT computed tomography | checks for blood clots and tumors. ck pt for allergies to dies 1st. |
| Pulmonary angiography | pictures of blood vessels in the lungs. ck for allergy to die,pt needs to drink > fluids post procedure |
| Bronchoscopy | ck bronchi and for removal of objects.pt NPO,ck for die allergy, throat sprayed with local anestetic, ck gage reflexes, ck for bleeding after procedure, |
| ABG arterial blood gas analysis | cks for acid-base balance,to derermine hypoxemia,invasive,normally done for pt's on ventilators or with respiratory disorders. pt will have mild pain |
| D-dimer | test to ck for clotting of blood,can ck for pulmonary embolis |
| Capnography | detects hypoventilation, minotors Co2 noninvasive, uses a nasal cannula and a finger probe |
Created by:
VRoberts
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