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410 Week 2A

Changes during Aging

QuestionAnswer
What are some integumentary changes during aging? As cells irregularly change, skin becomes thin, pale, and fragile, with slower healing. Skin glands reduce in size and function. Hair grays, thins, and redistributes, while nails become thick, dull, and brittle.
What are some neurological changes during aging? Decreased nerve conduction affects movement, less deep sleep = more tiredness, and thermoregulation becomes problematic; thus, risk for heat stroke increased.
What are some vision changes during aging? As people age, the cornea thickens and flattens, a gray ring (arcus senilis) may appear around the cornea, and the lens becomes more opaque, thickens, and yellows. The pupil diameter reduces, and there is a loss of rods.
What are some vision function changes during aging? Decreased visual acuity, tolerance of glare, ability to adapt to light and dark, and peripheral vision.
What are some hearing changes during aging? Functionally, higher decibels can not be heard Structurally, the auricle elongates, coarse hair, cerumen thickens and dries, bones degenerate, and the tympanic membrane dulls and grays
What are some musculoskeletal changes during aging? Muscles lose mass, tone, and strength. Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage become less elastic. Height decreases from water loss in the intervertebral discs, leading to a change in posture and gait as gravity shifts.
What are some NORMAL cardiovascular changes during aging? Coronary artery blood flow decreases, left ventricle wall thickens, valves thicken & stiffen causing murmurs, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output decreases and arrhythmias common.
What are some peripheral vascular changes during aging? Blood vessels are less elastic with decreased lumen size, isolated systolic hypertension occurs, veins dilate and lose elasticity, and weakness of veins can cause peripheral edema.
What are some respiratory changes during aging? Decreased functional reserve, loss of elasticity, changes in spine affect breathing, O2 and CO2 exchange is impaired, and changes mostly noted during stress or illness.
What are some Upper GI changes during aging? Oral cavity/Pharynx: tooth loss, weak jaws, dry mouth Esophagus: motility decrease
What are some Lower GI changes during aging? Stomach: mucosa, secretions, and enzymes degenerate Gallbladder: bile changes and Pancreas: decreased enzymes Small intestine: smooth muscle decreases Large intestinee: decreased mucus, elasticity, sphincter tone, and nerve impulses
What are some endocrine changes during aging? Target tissues are less sensitive to hormones, hormone secretion decreases, pituitary gland size decreases, T4 decreases with age (hypothyroidism), adrenal cortex releases less aldosterone, and sexual changes caused by decreased hormones.
What are some reproductive changes in females during aging? Menopause, changes in breast tissue, and atrophy of reproductive organs
What are some reproductive changes in males during aging? Atrophy of reproductive organs, changes in erectile function, and benign prostatic hypertrophy
What are some genitourinary changes during aging? GFR decreases, reabsorption, muscle tone, and bladder capacity Stress can cause reduced kidney function
What are some immunologic changes during aging? Inadequate immune response, increase in autoimmune disorders, lastly delayed and altered immune response affects illness display
What are some psychological changes during aging? Aging is complex and pluralistic: personality is consistent and long-term memory remains but short-term memory may decline
What are factors of successful aging? Nutrition, exercise, and social support
Created by: Kierra R
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