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Unit 2 Vocabulary
Cell Transport, Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until they are evenly distributed. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. |
| Active Transport | The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy input, typically moving from high to low concentration. |
| Selectively Permeable/Semipermeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. |
| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of molecules. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs material from the outside environment, bringing it into the cell. |
| Exocytosis | The process by which a cell expels materials to the outside environment through vesicles. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. |
| Transport Proteins | Proteins that assist in the movement of substances across a cell membrane. |
| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution, often contrasting with the solvent. |
| Solvent | The component in a solution that dissolves the solute, typically in greater quantity. |
| Hypertonic | A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to lose water. |
| Hypotonic | A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to gain water. |
| Isotonic | A solution that has an equal concentration of solutes compared to another solution, resulting in no net movement of water. |
| Cellular process | any process that is carried out at the cellular level |
| Cellular transport | the movement of molecules across the cell membrane |
| Homeostasis | regulation of an organism’s internal environment in order to maintain conditions suitable for survival |
| Enzyme | a protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a reaction without being changed by it |
| Matter | The substance of which all physical objects are made; anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Energy | The capacity to do work or produce change; it exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which green plants and some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. |
| Cellular Respiration | The metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. |
| Mitochondria | Organelle known as the "powerhouses of the cell," where cellular respiration occurs to produce energy. |
| Biomolecules | Organic molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism, including the processes of breaking down substances and synthesizing new compounds. |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | The primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes. |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in plants that is essential for photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb light energy. |
| Organic Compounds | Molecules that contain carbon and are found in living organisms, often forming the basis of biological structures and functions. |
| Ecosystem | A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment, including the flow of energy and matter. |
| Homeostasis | The process by which living organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain stable, constant conditions despite external changes. |
| Trophic Levels | The hierarchical levels in an ecosystem that represent the flow of energy and matter, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. |
| Nutrient Cycling | The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter within an ecosystem. |
| Biogeochemical Cycle | The cycle that describes the movement of elements and compounds through biological, geological, and chemical processes within ecosystems. |
| Aerobic | Referring to processes that require oxygen, such as aerobic respiration. |
| Anaerobic | Processes that occur without oxygen, such as anaerobic respiration or fermentation. |
Created by:
andersonqisd
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