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Chapter 1
Exploring Life & Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biology | the study of life |
| Homeostasis | maintaining a regulated balance, including pH, temperture, and water concentration, and other conditions |
| Reproduction | living things have offspring and pass on genetic material (DNA) to their offspring |
| Organization | all living things are made of cells: multicellular organisms have biological organization, including the levels of tissues, organs, and organ systems |
| Growth and Development | living organisms have genetic material (DNA) that codes for growth (getting larger) and development (changing shape or function) |
| Response to stimuli | living things that respond to both internal & external stimuli, including eating when hungry (internal) or fleeing from danger (external) |
| Evolution | the ability of a population to evolve over time |
| Atom | Basic unit of matter (ex. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen) |
| Molecules | combination of atoms (ex. water- H2O) |
| Macromolecules | combination of smaller molecules (ex. DNA) |
| Organelle | cellular structure that performs a specific function (ex. nucleus) |
| Cell | smallest level of organization thats is considered alive (smallest unit of life) |
| Tissues | group of similar cells that perform a particular function (ex. cardiac tissue) |
| Organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions (ex. heart) |
| Systems | groups of organs working together for a common purpose (ex. circulatory purpose) |
| Organism | complex organisms consist of various organ systems working together (ex. human) |
| Species | a group or organisms that are able to interbreed (ex. homo sapiens) |
| Population | All the members of one species in a particular area |
| Community | interacting populations in a particular area |
| Ecosystem | different populations in the same area interacting with the nonliving environment |
| Biosphere | all ecosystems on the plant: contains all parts of the earth |
| What is the ultimate source of energy? | Sun |
| Photosynthesis | harvests energy from the sun and converts it to chemical enegry |
| Autotrops | Organisms that make their own food |
| Heterotrophs | consume/feed on other organisms |
| Science | A way of learning about the natural world |
| Scientific Method | used by scientists to gather new ideas and analyze information |
| Experimental Variable (independent variable) | something that contributes to the initial observation |
| Responding Variable (dependent variable) | the result of the experimental variable |
| Test Group | exposed to the experimental (independent) variable |
| Control Group | is not exposed to the experimental variable and is used as a baseline for comparison |
| Model Organisms | species that are easy to raise in the lab and use in experiments (ex. mice) |
| Results | the outcome of an experiment (derived from an experiment) |
| Statistical Data | standard error tells us how uncertain a particular value is |
| Statistical Significance | is determined to evaluate the probability that the results are due to chance or some experimental variable |
| What is the first level of Characteristics of Life? | Organization |
| What is the second level of Characteristics of Life? | Homeostasis |
| What is the third level of Characteristics of Life? | Metoblism |
| What is the fourth level of Characteristics of Life? | Reproduction |
| What is the fifth level of Characteristics of Life? | Growth & Reproduction |
| What is the six level of Characteristics of Life? | Response to Stimuli |
| What is the seventh level of Characteristics of Life? | Evolution |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | Cell |
| Metabolism | the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the genetic information of all life (that is passed onto the next generation) contains hereditary informs that directs the structure and function of all cells genes and mutations |
| Growth | increase in size and in the number of cells (getting larger) |
| Development | all changes that occur from fertilization until death (change in shape or function) |
| Stimulus | change in the internal or external environment that a sensory receptor can detect |
| Evolution | how a population changes over time |
| Natural Selection | the process by which evolution occurs |
| Adaptation | over time, population has more individuals with the advantageous variation |
| Taxonomy | includes the naming and classification of species |
| What is the mnemonic use for the taxonomic levels? | "Do Kids Prefer Candy Over Fried Green Spinach?" Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species |
| Which taxonomic level is the most inclusive (including the largest number or organisms) | Domain |
| Which taxonomic level is the most specific (includes only ONE type of organism)? | Species |
| What are the levels of Taxonomic? | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| What are the three Domains? | Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
| Domain bacteria? | also know as Eubacteria, prokaryotic (lack of nucleus) & single celled (ex. "traditional" bacteria, E. coli) |
| Domain archaea? | also known as Archaebacteria prokaryotic (lack of nucleus) & single celled (ex. extremophiles, halophiles) |
| Domain eukarya? | eukaryotic (cells contains a nucleus and more complex organelles) most are multicellular (made of many cells) |
| What are the 4 Kingdoms? | Protists, Plantae, Fungi, & Animalia |
| Kingdom Protists | a very diverse group that contains organisms that have eukaryotic cells but aren't true plants, fungi, or animals that has both autotrophs & heterotrophs |
| Kingdom Plantae | autotrophs and multicellular (ex. mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants) |
| Kingdom Fungi | all heterotrophs (doesn't make own food like plants), mostly multicellular, a few single-celled (ex. molds, mushrooms, yeasts, and ringworms) |
| Kingdom Animalia | all are heterotrophs, multicellular, most animals are invertebrates, others are vertebrates. |
| What are mammals? | are vertebrates with hair and fur and mammary glands (ex. humans, raccoons, seals) |
| Culture | heritage or patterns of our behavior passed from one generation to the next |
| Observation | a formal way of watching the natural world |
| What are some examples of scientific theory? | Cell Theory, sliding filament theory, and theory of relativity |
| Law | a theory that has been supported by observations and experiments for a very long period of time (ex. over 100 years) |
| Principle | a theory that has been supported by observations and experiments for a very long period of time (ex. over 100 years) |
Created by:
cgoines1
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