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science final 6-22
study for HHH sixth grade science final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleus | the control center of the cell, controls heredity of traits, known as brain of cell |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell, where energy is made |
| cell membrane | controls the passage of nutrients in and out of the cell |
| chromosomes | X shaped, made of DNA, in nucleus, contains protein recipes |
| cell wall | only in plant cell, provides support |
| ribosomes | reads recipes for making protein |
| chloroplast | only in plant cells, where food is made and photosynthesis happens |
| vacuole | stores water and nutrients |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like fluid that holds organelles together and allows movement in the cell |
| DNA | carries code which produces proteins and controls cell activity |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transport system (transports ribosomes) |
| asexual reproduction | a single cell reproduces alone by splitting |
| sexual reproduction | an egg and sperm joining |
| fertilization | the process of a sperm and egg making a zygote |
| number of chromosomes in human body cell | 46 |
| number of chromosomes in human sex cell | 46 |
| number of chromosomes passed on by a single parent | 23 |
| two types of cells | egg and sperm |
| meiosis | cell division that makes sex cells and produces eggs and sperms that have half the number of chromosomes |
| mitosis | the process of cell division that results in the production of two identical cells from a single parent (identical twins) |
| hybrid | Bb |
| pure recessive | bb |
| pure dominant | BB |
| phenotype | physical appearance |
| genotype | genetic make-up |
| genetic engineering | transfering a gene from one organism to another |
| selective breeding | choosing to mate two organisms to get desired results |
| genes | segments of chromosomes that are recipes for specific traits |
| mutation | the change in the sequence of the order of bases in a genetic code, result of abnormal cell division (cancer) |
| hydrogen bonds | holds nitrogen bases together |
| nitrogen bases | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
| deoxyribose sugar | at the ends of the nitrogen bases |
| phosphate | ends of DNA |
| order of cellular organization | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| drosophila | fruit fly |
| male drosophila | few or no stripes, small as adult, sex combs, round abdomen |
| female drosophila | stripes, large as adult, no sex combs, pointy abdomen |
| make a wet-mount slide | put liquid on slide, put on specimen, hold slide of 45 degree angle, drop cover slip |
| find total magnification | multiply eyepiece by objective lens |
| weather | daily conditions in the earth's atmosphere |
| climate | weather in an area over a long period of time |
| meteorologist | someone who studies and predicts conditions in the atmosphere |
| uneven heating | the major cause for weather on earth |
| four factors that effect weather | wind, heat energy, air pressure, moisture |
| how does weather generally move across the US | air masses moving west to east |
| hydrosphere | water |
| lithosphere | earth |
| atmosphere | air |
| troposphere | the layer we live in |
| barometer | measures air pressure in milibars (high) or inches of mercury (low) |
| anemometer | measures wind speed in miles per hour or knots |
| sling sychrometer | measures relative humidity in degrees first, then percent |
| wind vane | measures wind direction in north, south, east, and west |
| thermometer | measures temperature in degrees celsius |
| instruments for measuring weather | weather balloons, wind sock, satalite, climate, clouds, dopplerator |
| air mass | a large body of air that is described by its moisture, content, and temperature |
| gases in the earth and percentages | 78% nitro, 21% oxygen, 1% other |
| continental tropical | air mass over warm land, high temperature, and dry moisture |
| continental polar | air mass over cold land, low temperature, and dry moisture |
| maritime tropical | air mass over warm water, high temperature, and wet moisture |
| maritime polar | air mass over cold water, low temperature, and wet moisture |
| front | where two air masses meet. some sort of precipitation occurs |
| cold front | line with triangles, heavy precipitation |
| warm front | line with circles, light precipitation |
| stationary front | line with triangles and circles, precipitation over many days |
| convection | transfer of heat through air or liquid (hot air rises, cold air sinks) ((hot air balloon)) |
| conduction | transfer of heat through irect contact (your feet on a warm, sandy beach) |
| radiation | transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves (sun bathing) |
| how does energy from the sun reach the earth? | radiation |
| high air pressure | brings clear, sunny, fair weather (at sea level) |
| low air pressure | brings cloudy, wet, stormy weather (top of a mountain) |
| three things that effect air pressure | elevation, temperature, water vapor |
| hurricanes | form over warm water. evacuate, board up windows, and secure outdoor furniture |
| tornadoes | form over land with high winds and low air pressure. seek shelter underground |
| thunderstorm | produces strong winds, heavy clouds, lightening and thunder. seek shelter indoors |
| greenhouse effect | when gases like co2 and methane trap heat on earth |
| global warming | the earth's temperature slowly rising, caused by the burning of fossil fuels which creates greenhouse gases and cause unven heating, death, glaciers melting, and sea levels rising |
| fossil fuels | remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions and millions of years ago, are non renewable, and are coal, oil, and natural gas |
| alternate energy sources | solar power, wind power, biomass, tydopower, hydroelectricity, giothermal, nd nucleur power |
| ozone gases | gases in the atmosphere ghat block harmful UVA and UVB rays |
| transpiration | evaporation off of trees |
| simple machines | help us do work |
| lever | a rigid bar free to pivot about a fixed point called a fulcrum. (hammer) |
| inclined plane | a flat, slanted surface (stairs or ramp) |
| wheel and axle | made of two cylindrical objects fastened together and rotate on a common axis (door knob) |
| pully | a grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or steel cable wrapped around it (flag pole) |
| screw | an inclined plane wrapped arounda cylinder (light bulb) |
| wedge | thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge on the other (axe) |
| compound machine | two or more simple machines working together |
| formula for speed | speed = distance divided by time |
| balanced forces | forces that keep the object's motion the same |
| unbalanced forces | forces that change and objects motion |
| velocity | speed in a given direction |
| acceleration | speed up, slow down, or change direction |
| two factors of gravitational attraction | mass and distance |
| friction | opposes motion and slows things down |
| kinetic energy | energy designed for movement (hitting a tennis ball) |
| potential energy | stored energy effected by position (a golf ball on a tee) |
| gravity | keeps planets in orbit |
| when on the moon your _____ stays the same but your ________ changes | 1: mass 2:weight |
| renewable resource | can be replaced by nature (paper) |
| non renewable resource | cannot be replaced by nature (petrochemicals) |
| problem | the question you ant to answer |
| hypothesis | and educated guess |
| materials | aupplies you need to conduct the experiment |
| variable | factor being tested |
| control group | does not recieve independant variable |
| experimental group | recieves independant variable |
| conclusion | the experiment results |
| find volume | length times width times height |
| beaker | measures volume in mL |
| graduated cylinder | measures volume of liquid/solid in mL or cm3 |
| triple beam balance | measures mass in grams |
| newton spring scale | measures force in newtons |
| pipet | measures small amounts of liquid in mL |
| ruler | measures length, width, and height in milimeters, centimeters, and meters |
| find volume of irregular shaped solid | -pour 50mL of water into graduated cylinder (initial volume)-hold graduated cylinder on an angle and drop object in-read meniscus. this is your final volume-subtract initial volume from final volume-write volume in cubic centimeters |
Created by:
lindsala24
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