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Med Micro Unit 1

TermDefinition
Types of Microbes Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, and Viruses
Microorganisms can… Prevent food spoilage, prevent disease, cause and transmit disease
The Microbiome Prevents growth of pathogenic microbes, helps maintain good health, and trains the immune system
Where do Microbes flourish? Moisture, salt contents, pH
What is the Human Microbiome Project? Goal to determine the makeup of typical microbiota of various areas of the body Goal of understanding the relationship between changes in the Microbiome and human disease
Who was Carolus Linnaeus? Est system of scientific nomenclature (genus and species)
Bacteria Pro, single-celled, peptidoglycan cell walls, binary fission, gets nutrition from both organic and inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis, flagella to move
Archae Pro, extreme environments (methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles)
Fungi Eu, chitin cell walls, absorb organic chemicals, yeasts unicellular, molds multicellular
Protozoa Eu, absorb organic chemicals, cilia or flagella, free-living and parasitic can cause infection
Algae Eu, cellulose cell walls, found in fresh/saltwater and soil, photosynthesis
Viruses Acellular, DNA/RNA core, surrounded by protein coat, replicated in host cll
Who was Carl Woese? Developed 3 domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Who was Robert Hooke? Reported that al living things are composed of cells
Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek? Observed the first microbes
Spontaneous generation Hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter
Biogenesis Hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Who was Francesco Redi? Disproved spontaneous generation by filling jars with decaying meat
Who was John Needham? Put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks to understand spontaneous generation
Who was Lazzaro Spallanzani? Boiled nutrient solutions in sealed flasks to understand spontaneous generation
Who was Rudolf Virchow? Said cells only arise from preexisting cells (had no proof)
Who was Louis Pasteur? Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air Credited with disproving spontaneous generation Showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation and spoilage Certain silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan
Pasteurization Application of high heat for a short period of time to kill harmful bacteria in milk or juice
Who was Agostino Bassi? A certain silkworm disease was caused by a fungus
Who was Ignaz Semmelweis? Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever
Who was Joseph Lister? Used a chemical antiseptic to prevent surgical wound infections
Who was Robert Koch? Discovered that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps (Koch’s postulates) to demonstrate that a specific microbe causes a specific disease
Who was Edward Jenner? Made first vaccination by giving a man cowpox then small pox to make him immune to the deadly disease
Chemotherapy Treatment of disease with chemicals
Antibiotics Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Who was Paul Ehrlich? Developed a synthetic arsenic drug to treat syphilis
Who was Alexander Fleming? Discovered the first antibiotic (penicillin) on accident
Bacteriology Study of bacteria
Mycology Study of fungus
Parasitology Study of Protozoa and parasitic worms
Immunology Study of the bodies immune response
Who was Rebecca Lancefield? Classified streptococci based on their cell wall components allowing us to classify bacteria and target them
Virology Study of viruses
Who were Dmitri Iwanowski and Wendell Stanley? Discovered the cause of mosaic disease of tobacco to be a virus
Created by: Hpuchot
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