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Earth Science
Earth Science revision
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earths four layers | crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| 2 types of crust | oceanic and continental |
| oceanic crust thickness | 5km to 10km |
| continental crust thickness | 30km to 50km |
| the deeper you go into earth | the more pressure there is |
| pangaea | the name of the original landmass on earth |
| convection currents | when warm molecules rise and cool molecules sink |
| the mechanism for crust movement | convection currents in the mantle |
| divergent boundary | plates move away from each other |
| convergent boundary | plates move towards each other |
| transform boundary | plates slide past each other |
| oceanic crust density | more dense |
| continental crust density | less dense |
| subduction | when one plate gets pushed underneath another plate |
| features at subduction zones | oceanic trenches and volcanoes |
| continental vs oceanic plate | the oceanic plate gets pushed under the continental plate |
| oceanic vs oceanic plate | the denser oceanic plate will be subducted under the other oceanic plate |
| continental vs continental plate | earths crust crumples together and pushes upwards |
| subduction zone example | Mariana Trench |
| convergent boundary example | the Himalayas |
| oceanic divergent boundaries | as the magma rises between the spreading plate it cools and creates more crust |
| features at oceanic divergent boundaries | mid ocean ridges and underwater mountains |
| seafloor spreading | divergent plates creating new sea floor |
| mid Atlantic ridge | the largest mountain range in the world and is formed by divergent plate boundaries |
| features at divergent boundaries | earthquakes, fault lines, rift valleys |
| divergent boundary example | the red sea |
| transform boundary example | the San Andreas fault |
| plate movement causes | volcanoes to form and erupt, earthquakes, tsunamis |
| Alfred Wegener | he proposed that originally all the continents were once connected to each other |
| continental drift evidence | continents fitting together like a puzzle, same fossils and plants found on different continents, mountain ranges with identical age and structure on different continents, ancient climates |
| Marie Tharp | she discovered and mapped the mid ocean ridge and matched this with the vast majority of earthquakes |
| first 2 continents of Pangaea | Laurasia and Gondwana |
| Why Australia has unique plants and animals | Gondwana separated from Laurasia 200 million years ago, causing the plants and animals to develop independently |
| the ring of fire | a string of volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the pacific ocean |
| earths magnetic field | created by the movement of earths molten iron and nickel core |
| magnetic stripping | when magnetic poles flip so does the alignment of magnetite particles in the sea floor |
| magma | molten rock below earths surface |
| lava | molten rock above earths surface |
Created by:
justineforrest
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