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AP Bio Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated in an experiment to test its effects | Independent Variable |
| The variable that is measured and observed in response to changes in the independent variable | Dependent Variable |
| A testable prediction or explanation for a phenomenon, which can be investigated through experimentation | Hypothesis |
| The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how other tested subjects do | Control Group |
| The number of subjects or observations included in an experiment or study; larger sample size can improve reliability of results | Sample Size |
| Data that can be measured and expressed numerically | Quantitative data |
| Data that describes characteristics or qualities and is often more subejective | Qualitative data |
| The degree to which a measurement or observations under unchanged conditions show the same results | Prescision |
| The degree to which measurement or observations is close to the true or accepted value | Accuracy |
| A measure of whether the results of an experiment are likely due to chance or represent a real effect. | Statistical Significance |
| The process of adjusting and standardizing equipment or instruments to ensure accurate measurements | Calibration |
| The use of microscopes to observe and study small objects or organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye | Microscopy |
| The process of maintaining conditions (such as temperature) to allow biological processes or reactions to occur | Incubation |
| The process of separating components of a mixture based on density using rapid spinning in a centrifuge | Centrifugation |
| a technique used to separate molecules (such as DNA, RNA, or protein's) based on their size and charge using an electric field | Electrophoresis |
| the specific steps followed in an experiment to ensure it is conducted consistently and accurately | Procedure |
| any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types and can affect the outcome of an experiment | Variable |
| the attraction between the molecules of two different substances | Adhesion |
| the attraction between the molecules of two different molecules | Cohesion |
| the distribution of electrical charge among the atoms connected by a chemical bond | Polarity |
| substance with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution | Solvent |
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