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Birds and the Bees

Vocab for Yr10 biotechnology unit

TermDefinition
Stem cells An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.
Organism An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Fertilisation Fertilisation is the joining of an egg and sperm nuclei.
Cloning A technique used to make a genetically identical copy of an organism.
Biotechnology The use of a living organism, or some component of a living system, to make a useful product.
IVF (in vitro fertilisation) A process in which fertilisation takes place outside the body (in vitro) and the embryo is implanted into the uterus for development.
Surrogacy In humans, an arrangement where a person carries a pregnancy for another person.
Ethics The systematic reconstruction of ethical principles and orientations that guide scientific actions and decision-making.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
Genes The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
Inheritance The process of transmission of genes from parent to offspring
Characteristics The distinguishing features of an organism
Homozygous Cells with identical genes for a characteristic are said to be homozygous (pure-breeding).
Heterozygous Cells with different genes for a characteristic are said to be heterozygous.
Chromosome Chromosomes are long molecules of DNA - the genetic information that makes us who we are. Human body cells have 23 pairs, sex cells (gametes) have just 23.
Phenotype The observable physical properties of an organism.
Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism.
Penis The function of the penis is to deposit the sperm inside the vagina.
Vagina The tube through which the lining of the uterus travels during menstruation and the baby travels during birth.
Sperm Male sex cells (gametes), produced in the testes. Reminder: sex cells are haploid cells.
Testes Male glands which produce testes and the hormone for male development (testosterone).
Ureter The tubes connecting kidneys to the bladder, bringing waste to be removed as urine.
Urethra For males: This is a tube that continues through the middle of the penis and carries sperm as well as urine to outside of the body. For females: just urine.
Ova / eggs Female sex cells (gametes), produced in the ovaries. Reminder: sex cells are haploid cells.
Genetics The study of heredity, or how characteristics/traits of living things are passed on from one generation to the next.
Zygote When the egg and sperm join in the process of FERTILISATION, a ZYGOTE is formed.
Haploid Sex Cells (gametes) are haploid (N) as they only contain half the normal number of chromosomes. In humans they contain 23 single chromosomes.
Diploid Body Cells are diploid (2N) as they contain all of the normal number of chromosomes. In humans they contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Mitosis Cellular division to make an identical copy of an existing cell. Mitosis means ‘division of the nucleus’. Mitosis is responsible for growth, maintenance of repair of an organism.
Meiosis Cellular division to make a unique sex cell (gamete). Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction.
Created by: blong2024
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