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BIO 201 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ______ is a deep layer of the epidermis and contains_____ | Stratun Basale. Stem Cells Undergoing Mitosis |
| Which portion of the integumentary system is themost superficial? | Epidermis |
| Functions of skin | Temp regulation, Vit D synthesis, Protection, Body water management, excretion of wastes |
| Which cells found inthe epidermis have a function involving___ | Merkel Cells, sensory reception |
| What are the functions of the bone? | store triglycorides, produce blood cells, protect organs, support weight of the body |
| People who have darker skin then others: | Develop melanin at a higher rate |
| What disorder prevents production of melanin? | Albinism |
| Hair is involved in which of the following? | Heat lost |
| Second Degree damages the | Epidermins and Dermis |
| Skin can perform what funcions? | modification of dermal blood flow, sweat to lower body heat |
| What is the function of an osteoclast? | Secrete substances to break down the bone matrix |
| Hollow portion in the diaphisis of a long bone.. | Medullary Cavity |
| Weight bearing exercise has what effect on bones? | Maintain and increase bone mass |
| Which bone cells are derived from osteogenic cells? | Osteoblasts and osteocytes |
| What is the order or the process of fracture repair? | Formation of a hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, boney callus formation, bone remodeling |
| Resorption ___ bone tissue, and Deposition ___ bone tissue | Breaks Down, builds |
| Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid and acts to... | Decrease Ca+ levels in the blood |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).. | Increases Ca+ levels inthe blood, is secreted by the parathyroid gland, and increases activity of osteoclasts |
| A Comminuted fracture results in the bone___ | Breaking into many small fragments |
| What is the correct order of organization of muscles from smallest to largest? | Myofibril, Fiber, Fascicle, muscle |
| What are the functions of a muscle? | Produce Body movement, moving substances throughout the body, produce heat, stabilize body positions |
| The ___ covers muscle fibers; the ___ covers fascicles; the ___ covers the muscle | Endomysium, Perimysium, epimysium |
| What does a Sphincter do? | Opens or closes during action |
| What does the Prime Mover? | Is aided by synergist muscles during contraction |
| Actin is the major component of? | a Thin filament |
| What is the name of the contractile unit of skeletal muscle which is the length of one Z disc to another? | Sarcomere |
| ____ of a muscle moves during an action? | Insertion |
| ___ of a muscle is realativly stationary during action | origin |
| Which best describes a motor end plate? | The depression in the sarcolemma that the synaptic knob sits |
| What composes a Motor Unit? | a somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates |
| Describe a motor end plate? | a depression in the sarcolemma that the synaptic knob sits |
| Folds found in the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber contains receptors for | Acetylcholine |
| The ____of the muscle cell is the membrane; the ____ is the endoplasmic Reticulum; the ___ is the cytoplasm | Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasmic retictulum, sarcoplasm |
| What is a Ligand Channel? | Open or close when a messenger binds to it |
| The ___ of a muscle cell is ____ | Resting Membrane Potential, -90 mV |
| After Calcium binds to ____, ___ changes form and allows ___ to bind with ____ | Troponin, Tropomyosin, Actin, Mysoin |
| What occurs during a muzcle contraction? | Calcium concentration in the sarcoplasm increases, crossbridges form between actin and myosin, Z discs are drawn together, and ATP is hydrolyzed |
| Whats the difference in the charge between internal and external environments of a muscle fiber at rest? | Resting membrane potential |
| Prior to a cuscle contraction, ___ must bind to ____ | Calcium, Troponin |
| What occurs during the relaxation phase of muscle activity? | Troponin and Tropomyosin return to blocking the actin binding sites, Acetylocholineesterase breaks down acetylcholine, Acetylcholine is no longer released |
| For a stronger muscle contraction, more motor units can be activated by the nervous system by a process called | Recruitment |
| With a high frequency of stimuli arriving at a muscle fiber, a sustained contraction may occur during? | Tetanus |
| A contraction which involves the muscle lengthening while maintaining tension is called? | Eccentric Isotonic Contraction |
| Once active, muscles initially produce ATP by | Ocygen from Myoglobin |
| Phases of energy sources | 1 Oxygen from myoglobin2 Using the phosphagen system3 the glycogen-lactic acid system |
| A muscle contraction which ___ and ___ is called an isometric contraction | Develops tension, Maintains constant length |
| Muscles may experience fatigue from what? | Exhaustion of stored glycogen resulting in lack of ATP, Failure of Na/K pumps to maintain resting membrane potential, andLactic acid build up inhibiting function of enzymes |
| Slow Oxidative: Mitochondria/MyoglobinAppearenceFatigueEnergy SupplySpecialty | Abundent, Red, Highly Resistant, Aerobic Resperation, Endurance |
| Fast Glycolitic:Mitochondria/MyoglobinAppearanceFatigueEnergy SupplySpecialty | Lacking, White, Easily, ATP, Explosive |
| What Muscle is attached together by intercalated discs? | Cardiac Muscles |
| What Muscle is found in hollow organs, and have thin filaments attached to protein masses called dense bodies | Smooth Muscles |
| The ___ stratum of the epidermis hosts keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis. | Granulosum |
| Which Gland is found in the ear? | Ceruminous |
| The Hydrogen to Oxygen bond in water is: | Covalent and Polar |
| Which best describes Homeostasis | NONE OF THE ABOVE! :) |
| Skin cells that have a sensory function. | Merkel Cells |
| Which are least related to the rest?a. lanulab. nail bodyc. hyponychiumd. free edgee. cortex | cortex |
| Which skin cells alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens? | langerhans cells |
| Which bone cells have a ruffled edge and secrete lysosomal enzymes and acids? | osteoclasts |
| Which process of bone formation involves the production of a cartilage model prior to ossification? | endochondral ossification |
| In a(n) ______ fracture, one side of the bone breaks while the other side only bends. | greenstick |
| Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that... | acts to decrease blood calcium |
| _____ are fingerlike projections of the dermis into the epidermis. | dermal papillae |
| _____ sweat glands are found over most of the body and function in thermoregulation. | eccrine |
| In a ____ fracture, part of a broken bone protrudes through the skin. | open |
| In a _____ degree burn, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer are all destroyed. | third |
| Define deposition | the building of bone matrix by osteoblasts |
| Define resorption | the breaking down of bone matrix by osteoclasts |
| The auditory ossicles are: | the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. |
| Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae? | thoracic |
| A joint that is immovable is classified functionally as: | a synarthrosis. |
| A freely movable joint in which there is a fluid-filled cavity between the bones is classified structurally as: | a synovial joint |
| Moving the arm laterally at the shoulder joint is an example of: | abduction |
| Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, ATP must bind to: | the myosin head. |
| Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, Ca2+ must bind to: | troponin |
| ACh receptors are found mainly in: | junctional folds |
| Slow oxidative fibers have all of the following except: | an abundance of glycogen |
| Each muscle fiber has a sleeve of areolar connective tissue around it called: | the endomysium |
| The _____ provides most of the force in a joint action, while the _____ provides opposing force. | prime mover;antagonist |
| The thick filaments of muscle are made up of a golf club shaped molecule called... | myosin |
| The relaxation phase of muscle activity includes... | the active pumping of calcium ions into the SR |
| A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium is called: | fascicle |
| Muscle contains an oxygen-binding pigment called: | myoglobin |
| A state of prolonged maximum contraction is called: | tetanus |
Created by:
crc225
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