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Microbio Ch.16

QuestionAnswer
Define: epidemiology Field of science that studies geographical distribution and timing of infectious disease occurrences, how they are transmitted, maintained in nature, with the goal of recognizing and controlling outbreaks
Define etiology Causes of disease; microbe
Define transmission How disease is spread
Define morbidity rate Number of diseased individuals out of a standard number of individuals in the population
Define prevalence Number of individuals with a particular illness in a given population at a point in time
Define incidence Number of new cases in a period of time
Define mortality rate Number of people that have died
Define sporadic Diseases only seen occasionally without geographic concentration/ Ex Tetanus, rabies, plague
Define endemic Diseases constantly present in a population within a particular geographic region (low level)/ Ex Malaria in Brazil, but not in the U.S.
Define epidemic Diseases with a larger than expected number of cases occurring in a short time within a geographic region/ Ex Flu
Define pandemic Epidemic that occurs on a world-wide scale/ Ex HIV, AIDS
What is the CDC? Protects the public from disease and injury by overseeing the NNDSS/ Ex on must report diseases are HIV, West Nile, measles/ Publishes the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Define: reservoirs Normal place that pathogen reside// Living or nonliving & not harmed by the pathogen
Define passive carriers Contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit to another host; NOT infected/ Ex. Healt care worker harboring pathogen on hands
Define active carriers Infected individual who can transmit the disease to others; may or may not exhibit signs/symptoms
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including direct Person-to-person transmission by physical contact such as touching, kissing, sexual intercourse
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including vertical direct Transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including horizontal direct Another other contact
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including droplet transmission, Transmission via cough or sneeze through small droplets of mucus
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including indirect contact Transmission involving an inanimate object that became contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including vehicle transmission Transmission of pathogen through vehicles such as water, food, and air
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including vector transmission, Mechanical. Pathogen carried from one host to another without the vector being infected/ Ex Fry from feces to food
Understand different mechanisms of transmission, including vector transmission, Biological Pathogen reproduces within the biological vector and then is transmitted to a host/ Ex Arthropods bite (most common)
Created by: Clinton Perdue
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