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Microbio Ch.15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: disease | Any condition in which the normal structure or functions of the body are damaged or impaired |
| Define infection | Successful colonization of a host by a microbe; can lead to disease |
| Define pathogen | Microbe that can cause disease |
| Define signs | Objective, measurable, observable results of disease/ Temp, Heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure |
| Define symptoms | Subjective results of disease felt or experienced by the patient/ Nausea, loss of appetite, pain |
| Define syndrome | Group of signs and symptoms of a particular disease |
| Define infectious disease | Disease caused by the direct effect of a pathogen |
| Define communicable | Disease capable of being spread from person to person through either direct or indirect mechanisms/ Ex gonorrhea |
| Define non-communicable | Disease not spread form on person to another/ ex tetanus |
| Define contagious | Disease easily spread from person to person/ ex measles |
| Define nosocomial | Disease acquired in hospital settings |
| Define zoonotic | Disease transmitted from animals to humans (not spread human to human)/ ex rabies |
| Understand the periods of disease. pt1 | Incubation- Pathogen is multiplying in host; no sign or symptoms |
| Understand the periods of disease. pt2 | Prodromal- pathogen continues to multiply; begin to experience sign or symptoms |
| Understand the periods of disease. pt3 | Period of illness- signs and symptoms are significant and characteristic of disease |
| Understand the periods of disease. pt4 | Period of decline- number of pathogens decreases; signs and symptoms decline |
| Understand the periods of disease. pt5 | Period of convalescence- patient returns to normal function |
| Define: acute disease | Pathologic changes occur over a relatively short period of time (hrs/days)/ Ex Influenza |
| Define chronic disease | Pathologic changes occur longer time spans (months/yrs/lifetime)/ Ex Chronic gastritis |
| Define latent disease | Pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication/ Ex Chicken pox, herpes |
| Define primary pathogen | Causes disease to the host regardless of the host's resident microbiota or immune system |
| Define opportunistic pathogen | Can only cause disease when host's defenses are compromised |
| Understand the 4 stages of pathogenesis. | Exposure- Pathogen gains access to the host (portal of entry)/ Parenteral route- Breach in skin and mucus membranes |
| Understand the 4 stages of pathogenesis. | Adhesion- Pathogen must attach to the cells in the portal of entry |
| Understand the 4 stages of pathogenesis. | Invasion- Dissemination of a pathogen throughout local tissues or body |
| Understand the 4 stages of pathogenesis. | Infection: Local- localized pathogen/ Systemic- Disseminates through body/ Focal- spreads to a secondary location/ Primary- Initial infection/ Secondary- Another pathogen |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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