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Microbio Ch.14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: chemotherapy | Use of chemicals or drugs to treat disease |
| antimicrobial drugs | Drugs that target infectious microbes |
| natural antibiotics | Used to kill or inhibit bacterial growth/ Found in nature |
| synthetic antimicrobial drugs | Drug that is developed from a chemical not found in nature |
| semi-synthetic antimicrobials. | Chemical modifications of a natural antibiotic/ ex: Ampicillin |
| Who were Paul Erlich? | Identified an arsenic-containing compound that killed Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
| Who were Alexander Fleming? | Accidentally discovered mold growth inhibited growth of Staphylococci. Mild produced penicillin, the first natural antibiotic |
| Who were Gerhard Domagk? | Created first synthetic antimicrobial drug creating the sulfa drug family |
| Understand bacteriostatic | Causes reversible inhibition of growth |
| Understand bacteriocidal | Kill target bacterial/ must be used if pt is immunocompromised and life-threatening infections |
| Understand narrow-spectrum antimicrobial | Targets only specific subsets of bacterial pathogens/ used when you know the cause to minimize collateral damage of normal microbiota |
| Understand broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs | Targets a wide variety of bacterial pathogens/ Used for mixed infections, prophylactic prevention, or resistant strains/Also kills normal microbiota, leading to superinfections |
| What are superinfections? Understand drug resistance. | Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill nonresistant cells/ Drug-resistant pathogens proliferate and can cause a superinfection |
| What are some factors to consider regarding dosage? | Amount of drug needed to kill pathogen and toxicity(side effects)/ Children- dose if based upon mass/ Drug half-life |
| Understand oral | Easy to administer but must be absorbed in GI tract |
| Understand topical | Used for superficial infections |
| Understand parenteral routes. | Intravenous (into blood) or intramuscular (into muscle) |
| What are antifungals? | Disrupt cell membrane/ Ex: imidazole's- triazole, fluconazole & Polyenes- nystatin |
| What are antiprotozoans? | Disrupt metabolic processes/ Ex: Quninones |
| What are antihelminthics? | Disrupt metabolic processes/ Ex: Avermectins- Ivermectin |
| What are antivirals? | Inhibit nucleic acid biosynthesis/ Ex: Acyclovir, AZT, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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