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Bio 1406 Exam 2

Chapters 4-7

TermDefinition
Ribosomes are assembled in the _ and pass through the _ Nucleolus; nuclear membrane
Primary structure of proteins straight polypeptide chain of amino acids
Secondary structure of proteins interactions between the atoms of the polypeptide backbone, creating motifs like an alpha-helix and a beta-sheet
Tertiary structure of proteins interactions among side chains of the amino acids to further fold the protein​
Quaternary structure of proteins the combining of 2 or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein
Isomers Same molecular formula, different structural arrangement
Carbohydrates Sugars and the polymers of sugars
Ketose Carbonyl group in the middle of the chain
Aldose Carbonyl group at the end of the chain
Most sugars have a _ and a _ group Carbonyl and hydroxyl
Sugars are (polar/non-polar) Polar
Ex of storage polysaccharides Glycogen; starch
Ex of structure polysaccharides cellulose
Saturated fats have no double bonds, all the hydrogens possible, come from animal products, and are solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats have double bonds meaning less hydrogens, come from plants and fish, and are liquid at room temperature
_ are the healthier fats Unsaturated fats
Fats are used to store long-term energy
Amphipathic having hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
_ make up cell membranes phospholipids
Steroids are (polar/nonpolar) nonpolar
Functions of proteins Speed up chemical reactions​ Transport nutrients in & out of cells​ Store amino acids​ Receive signals from other cells​ Structural component of cells​ Act in a body’s defense Serve as a motor for certain cell types’ locomotion​
Proteins are made of polypeptide chains (made of amino acids)
Amino acids consist of R-group Central carbon Carboxyl group (-CHOO) Amino group (-NH2)
Monomer of nucleic acids Nucleotides
Created by: 1763
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