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Functional groups

7 Biologically important chemical groups

TermDefinition
Hydroxyl function Forms hydrogen bonds with water to help dissolve stuff like sugars
Hydroxyl structure -OH
Carbonyl function Ketoses or aldoses
Carbonyl structure --C=O
Carboxyl function Acts as an acid by donating an H+ ion due to the polar covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen
Carboxyl structure - COOH
Amino function Acts as a weak base by absorbing excess H+ ions from the surrounding solution
Amino structure -NH2
Sulfhydryl function Stabilize protein structure
Sulfhydryl structure -SH
Phosphate structure -OPO3^2-
Methyl function Affects gene expression/hormones Helps regulate DNA
Methyl structure -CH3
Carboxyl compound name Carboxylic/organic acid
Amino compound name Amine
Hydroxyl compound name Alcohol
Sulfhydryl compound name Thiol
Ethanol, methanol, and propanol all contain a hydroxyl group
-COH, -COOH, and -OH are _ and hydrophilic; inc the solubility of compounds in water
All amino acids have -COOH (Carboxyl) and -NH2 (amino)
_ is to acid as _ is to base Carboxyl (-COOH); amino (-NH2)
Hydrocarbons are Hydrophilic Non-polar Good source of energy
Group that helps stabilize protein structure -SH (sulfhydryl)
_ is a weak acid -COOH/Carboxyl
_ is a weak base -NH2/Amino
Functional groups give each biological molecule its unique properties
Carbon skeleton can vary in Branching Double bond location Length Presence of rings
Nonpolar groups Sulfhydryl and methyl
Sulfhydryl and methyl are the only Nonpolar groups
Created by: 1763
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