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Microbio Ch.8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: metabolism | Term used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell |
| Define: catabolism | Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy |
| Define: anabolism. | Small molecules are assembled into larger ones, using energy |
| Define chemoautotroph. What is their energy source? What is their carbon source? | Produces chemical energy by breaking down inorganic compounds/ Chemical/ Inorganic/ Ex: Hydrogen, sulfur, iron |
| Define chemoheterotroph. What is their energy source? What is their carbon source? | Produces chemical energy by breaking down organic or carbon containing compounds/ Chemical/ Organic Compounds/ Ex: All animals, fungi, protozoa, bacteria |
| Define photoautotroph. What is their energy source? What is their carbon source? | Gets their energy from light by breaking down inorganic compounds/ Light/ Inorganic/ Ex: Plants, algae, cyanobacteria, green & purple sulfur bacteria |
| Define photoheterotroph. What is their energy source? What is their carbon source? | Gets their energy from light by breaking down organic compounds/ Light/ Organic compounds/ Ex: Green and purple nonsulfur bacteria, heliobacteria |
| What molecules function as electron carriers? | NADH/ NAD+ |
| What is ATP? How is energy released from ATP? How is ATP made? | Adenosine Triphosphate/Contains high energy bond; energy currency/ Released by breaking the bond of the last phosphate/ Adding a third P to ADP, making ATP |
| Understand glycolysis. What are the two major parts or phases? What is the net energy yield? Does glycolysis require oxygen? | Also called Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway (EMP)/ Catabolism of glucose to pyruvate/ Splitting molecule, releasing small amounts of energy, preparatory step for other catabolic pathways |
| Understand glycolysis. What are the two major parts or phases? What is the net energy yield? Does glycolysis require oxygen? | Energy investment phase & Energy pay-off phase/ Yield: 2ATP, 2 NADH (Makes energy later)/ Does NOT require oxygen |
| Understand the Krebs Cycle. What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle? What is the net energy yield? | Also called Citric Acid Cycle/ Cycle that Extracts electrons from molecules, end of cycle produces initial product, important products include NADH |
| Understand the Krebs Cycle. What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle? What is the net energy yield? | 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 |
| Understand Oxidative Phosphorylation. What is Oxidative Phosphorylation also called? Electron movement creates a gradient that drives what? What is produced? | Electron Transport Chain/ Transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC |
| Understand Oxidative Phosphorylation. What is Oxidative Phosphorylation also called? Electron movement creates a gradient that drives what? What is produced? | Drives the ATPase to produce ATP |
| Understand the difference between AEROBIC respiration and anaerobic respiration? | Oxygen is final acceptor of electrons |
| Understand the difference between aerobic respiration and ANAEROBIC respiration? | Other molecule is final acceptor of electrons |
| Understand fermentation. (pt1) | Works without oxygen: no electron transport chain, no need for Kreb's because do not need NADH for ETC |
| Understand fermentation. (pt2) | Extra steps after glycolysis to regenerate NAD+ needed/ Allows microbes to create energy in glycolysis until glucose runs out |
| Understand fermentation. What are some common products of fermentation? | Lactate/ Ethanol |
| What are the two distinct parts of photosynthesis? | Light-dependent reactions: Use sunlight to excite electrons producing gradient/ Produce ATP via and ETC/ Produce NADPH |
| What are the two distinct parts of photosynthesis? | Light-independent reactions: use ATP and NADPH/ Produce sugar |
| What is the difference between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? | Light excites electrons in chlorophyll, move through ETC producing energy, then recycles to chlorophyll |
| What is the difference between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? | Light excites electrons in chlorophyll, moves through ETC producing energy, then picked up by NADP+ forming NADPH/ H2O used to replenish lost electron in chlorophyll/ O2 is a non-useful by-product |
| Why is noncyclic photophosphorylation significant to human life? | There are some microbes that are photosynthetic, needing water just like our plants do to replenish the electrons |
| What are the products of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? | Atmospheric carbon dioxide enters pathway/ Requires energy and electrons (made in light dependent reactions)/ Ultimately making glucose |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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