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Microbio Ch.4-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does it mean that prokaryotes are ubiquitous? | They can be found everywhere on our planet |
| Define the following terms: pathogen | Disease causing microorganism |
| Define the following terms: halophile | Organism that depends on high concentrations of salt in the environment to grow |
| Define the following terms: symbiotic relationship | Relationship between species that may be harmful, or have no effect on one or both of the species involved. |
| Define the following terms: microbiome. | All prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms and their genetic material that are associated with a certain organism |
| Understand mutualism | Type of symbiosis in which two populations benefit from , and depend on, each other |
| Understand amensalism | Type of symbiosis in which one population harms the other but remains unaffected itself |
| Understand commensalism | Type of symbiosis in which one population benefits and the other is not affected |
| Understand neutralism | Type of symbiosis that does not affect either of the two populations |
| Understand parasitism. | Type of symbiosis in which one population benefits while harming the other |
| What is taxonomy? | The science of naming, describing and classifying living organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences |
| Understand the differences between aerobic and anaerobic organisms | Aerobes use O2 as terminal electron acceptor// Anaerobes use alternative electron acceptor, e.g., CO2, sulfur |
| Understand the differences between oxygenic and anoxygenic | Oxy produe O2 as a byproduct of photosynthesis// Anoxy do not. Electrons are donated from other sources like hydrogen gas, sulfide and iron compounds. Sulfur is released. |
| Understand the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs | Autotrophs are able to build organic molecules from CO2/ Heterotrophs (other feeders), obtain their carbon from organic compounds-amino, fatty acids, sugars, of autotrophs |
| Understand the differences between phototrophs and chemotrophs. | Phototrophs get their energy from sunlight// Chemotrophs get their energy from chemical compounds, i.e. hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, molecular hydrogen, and ammonia |
| What are some unique features of Domain Archaea? | Unicellular prokaryotes, not bacteria/ Archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan/ Genomes of Archaea are lrgr and more complex than those of bacteria/ not associated with the human microbiome or pathology |
| What are the protists? | Informal name for diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, including unicellular, colonial, and multicellular types that lack specialized tissues |
| Are protists photosynthetic? Do they have a cellulose cell wall or chitin cell wall? What do these characteristics differentiate the protists from? | Not photosynthetic (no chloroplasts)/ No cellulose cell wall, nor chitin cell wall/ Differentiates from plants and fungi |
| Where can protists be found? What type of lifestyles could they be found living? | Abundant in soil, in or on plants and animals/ Many are free living aquatic organisms (Zooplankton, phytoplankton)/ Some are parasitic/ Essential decomposers |
| Understand helminths. | Multicellular parasitic worm |
| Define: yeast | Any unicellular fungus |
| Define: mold | Multicellular fungus, typically made up of long filaments |
| Define: mushroom | Reproductive structures of some fungi |
| Define: saprophytic. | Can degrade cellulose and lignin (wood)/ Gets it's nutrients from dead of decaying matter |
| The cell walls of fungi contain what? | Chitin |
| Where can fungi be found on earth? | Found in nearly every habitat on earth |
| Understand the economic and medical importance of fungi. | Antimicrobial medicines (penicillin, griseofulvin)/ Useful tool for study of eukaryotic cells/ yeast genetically engineered to produce insulin, hepatitis B vaccine/ Cheese making |
| What is the main defining feature of algae? | They are photosynthetic |
| Understand the medical importance of algae. | Do not directly cause human disease, indirectly via toxins// Algal blooms of dinoflagellates |
| What is a lichen? | Symbiotic association of a fungus with an algae of cyanobacterium |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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