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Cummulative Grammar

Useful first year grammar

EnglishJapaneseExample
Let’s do V Vましょう 行きましょう。Let’s go.
~, ~, etc. 〜や〜 手紙やさしい letters, photos, etc.
I do V x times in y period yにx回Vです 月間に二回映画を見ます。I see movies twice a month.
N1 is Adj compared to N2 N1はN2よりAdjです この車はその車より大きいです。This car is bigger than that one.
Which is more Adj N1 or N2? N1とN2とどちらがAdjですか 猫と犬とどちらが好きですか。Do you like cats or dogs?
Which of this ~[category] is the most Adj? 〜の中で?が一番Adjですか スポーツの中で何が一番好きですか。Which sport do you like?
I want that N Nがほしいです 車がほしいです。I want a car.
I want to do V Remove「ます」 and add「たい」 日本へ行きたいです。I want to go to Japan.
You may do V Vてもいいです まどをあけてもいいですか。May I open the window?
You must not do V Vてはいけません ここでタバコをすってはいけません。You must not smoke here.
Have been doing V *Habitual or Continuous action Vています 毎朝走っています。I run every morning.
Do V, then do V ... then do V. VてVてV 朝シャワーをあびて朝ご飯を食べてしごとをします。In the morning, I take a shower, eat breakfast, and work.
Is i-Adj, and i-Adj... i-Adj OR V i-Adjくて、i-Adjくて、{i-Adjです OR V} 天気がよくてすずしかったです。The weather is fine and cool.
After do V, do V Vてから、V 大学を出てからせかいをりょこうします。After graduating from university、 I will travel the world.
How to do V? どうやってVか 学校までどうやって行きますか。How do you go to school?
You must do V *Very formal Vなければなりません 来週までにこの本をかえさなければなりません。I have to return this book by next week.
You must do V Vないと 来週までにこの本を返さないと。I have to return this book by next week.
You do not have to do V Vなくてもいいです 何ももってこなくてもいいです。You do not have to bring anything.
Can do V OR Can do/play N {Vdic OR N}ことができます アダムさんはおよぐことができます。Adam can swim. おっとはりょうりが上手にできます。My husband can cook very well.
Have had an experience doing V Vたことがあります 私はミュージカルを見たことがあります。I have seen a musical.
Do V , V , etc. VたりVたりします 食べたり飲んだりしました。I ate and drank (and stuff like that).
I think ~ 〜と思います ご主人は会社員だと思います。I think their husband is a businessman.
They think ~ 〜と思っています 田中さんはご主人が会社員じゃないと思っています。Tanaka doesn’t think their husband is a businessman.
I/they say/said “~” 「〜」といます 日本人はしょくじの前に「いただきます」といいます。Japanese people say “itadakimasu” before a
Giver gives something/a favor to someone GiverはReceiverにVてあげます 私はおじいちゃんにコーヒーをいれてあげました。I made grandpa coffee.
Receiver receives something/a favor from someone ReceiverはGiverにVてもらいます 私は兄にここに連れて来てもらいました。My brother brought me here.
Giver gives something/a favor for to me GiverはVてくれます 母は毎日お弁当を作ってくれます。My mother makes packed lunches for me everyday.
If ~ Vたら A(i)かったら A(na)だったら Nだったら 雨が降ったら、ピクニックに行きません。If it rains、 we will not have a picnic.
Even if ~ Vても A(i)くても A(na)でも Nでも 雨が降っても、ピクニックに行きます。Even if it rains、 we will have a picnic.
Would you be so kind as to do V? Vていただけませんか いい先生をしょうかいしていただけませんか。Would you be so kind as to introduce me to a good teacher?
Who/what/where/when/which/how should I do V? Vたらいいですか どこでカメラを買ったらいいですか。Where would be a good place to buy a camera?
Can do V (Potential form) Vる:Dropる, Addられる Vう:V(う→え), Addる 上手に泳げるから、ライフガードです。I am a lifeguard because I can swim well.
Do V1 while do V2 V1:Dropます, Addながら V2 アルバイトをやりながら大学で勉強します。I am working part time while studying in college.
Something that should not have happened took place, or someone did something they should not have done. Vてしまいます 大切なレポートをおとしてしまった。I accidentally lost an important report.
Do V in preparation (for something) Vておく Vてとく (casual) 今晩友達が来るから、ワインを冷やしときましょう。I will chill wine since my friends are coming over tonight.
Volitional form (I think I will V) Vる:Dropる, Addよう Vう:V(う→お)う パーティーに行こうと思います。I think I will go to the party.
Created by: foleyjrw
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