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Chapter 3 Anatom
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma Membrane | -Forms cells flexible outer surface, seperating the cell's internal enviornment from the external enviornment(interstial fluid).-is a selective barrier.Selectively permiable-plays a role in cellular communication. |
| Cytoplasm | -consists of all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus-cystol-fluid portion, mostly water.-Organelles-subcellular structures having characteristics and shapes and specific func |
| Nucleus | Large organeele that contains DNA-chromosoes- single molecule ofdna and associated protiens.-a chromosome contains a thoughs of hereditary units called genes.-control center of cell |
| Cystol | intracellular fluid surrounds the organelles -site of many chemical reactionsreactions provide bulding blocks for cell matenance structure, function, and growth. |
| Cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments throughout the cytosol, provide structure and support3 types- microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
| Microfilaments | -thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton-composed of protien actin-generate movement and provide mechanical support.-anchor cytoskelton to integral protiens in the plasma emmbrane. |
| Microvilli | nonmotile microscopic fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane. core of parallel microfillaments that supports it.abundand on cells involved in absorption |
| Intermediate filaments | -thicker than microfilaments.-several protiens can compose filaments-found in parts subject to mechanical stress, help stablilize the position of organelles to the nucleus, and help attatch cells to one another |
| microtubules | -largest of the cytoskeleton compondents and are long, unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of protein tubulin-assembly begins in centrosome-help determine cell shape and function the movement of organelles |
| Centrosome | located near the nucleus, consists of two compondents, a pair of centrioles and a pericentriolar material-centrosomes replicate so that succeeding generations of cells have capactiy for cell division |
| centrioles | -compondent of centrosome-cylindrical structires each composed of nine clusters of three microtubules arranged in circular pattern |
| Pericentriolar material | -compondent of the centrosome-contains hudrneds of ringshaped complexes composed of protein tubulin-organizes centers for growth of the mitotic spindle. |
| Cilia | short, hair-like projections from teh cell surface, move fluids along a cell surface-oarlike pattern of beathing-creates steady movement of fluid along cell surface |
| Flagella | -longer than cillia, move an entire cell, only example is a sperm cell's tail. |
| Ribosome | -sites of protein synthesis(rRNA)-consists of large unit and small unit(made seperately in a nucleolus)-exist in nucleus seperately and come together in the cytoplasm.-Free ribosomes synthesis proteins in the cystol.Erprotien |
| Endoplastic Riticulum | network of membranes in shape of sacs or flattened tubules-Two compondents rough er and smooth er |
| Rough ER | continuous with the nuclear membrane and usually is folded with a series of flattened sacs.-studded with ribosomes(protein synthesis)-produces secretory proteins, membrane proteins,andmany organellar proteins |
| Smooth ER | extends from rough er to form a network fo membrane tubules.-no ribosomes on the outer surface-synthesizes fatty acids a nd steriods,detoxifices certain drugs |
| Golgi Apparatus | -consists fo 3-20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae-modify, sort, and package proteins for transport to differnt destinations-proteins are transported by various vesicles |
| Lysosomes | vesicles that form from the Golgi complex, contain powerful digestive enzymes |
| peroxisomes | smallerthan lysosomes,detoxify several toxic substances such asalcohol, abundant in the liver |
| proteasomes | continuously destroy uneeded, damaged, or faulyt proteins, found in teh cytosol and the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | powerhous of the cell-generates atp-prevalent in physicological active cells |
Created by:
redeemed2008
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