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Biology
The Kidneys (Section 5)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main roles of the kidneys? | 1. Removal of urea 2. Adjustment of ion levels in blood 3. Adjustment of water content in blood |
| What small things in kidneys perform filtration? | Nephrons |
| What 3 steps do nephrons take in their excretion? | 1. Ultrafiltration 2. Reabsorption 3. Release of wastes |
| What is the bundle of capillaries at the start of a nephron called? | The glomerulus |
| From the glomerulus, where are water, urea, ions and glucose squeezed into? | Bowman's capsule |
| What causes substances to be squeezed from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule? | A high pressure |
| What is the filtered liquid in the Bowman's capsule known as? | Glomerular filtrate |
| In selective reabsorption, what method of transport is used? | Active transport |
| How much glucose is reabsorbed in selective reabsorption? | All of it |
| How much of ions are reabsorbed in selective reabsorption? | Only sufficient ions |
| How much water is reabsorbed in the nephron? | Only sufficient water |
| What method of transport is used to reabsorb water into the bloodstream? | Osmosis |
| Where is water reabsorbed? | The collecting duct |
| Name the 5 areas of the nephron where fluid flow in order | 1. Bowman's capsule 2. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal convoluted tubule 5. Collecting duct |
| What is osmoregulation? | The process of constantly balancing the water coming into and going out of the body |
| What hormone controls how much water is reabsorbed in the nephrons? | ADH |
| What does ADH do? | Makes collecting ducts more permeable so more water is reabsorbed |
| What mechanism controls osmoregulation? | Negative feedback |