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Rocks & Minerals Eng

TermDefinition
Minerals are ... Solid, inorganic, naturally occurring, definite atomic structure and composition, homogenous (same)
Properties of Minerals Color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage/fracture, specific gravity/density
Properties of Minerals - Color Visual color, not very reliable
Properties of Minerals - Streak Color in powdered form, more reliable
Properties of Minerals - Hardness Mineral's resistance to being scratched
Moh's Scale Measures mineral hardness
Softest mineral on Moh's Scale Talc
Hardest mineral on Moh's Scale Diamond
Luster Metallic or non-metallic
Cleavage Mineral breaking along an even plane
Fracture Uneven breaking (like how glass breaks)
Specific gravity Mineral density
Rocks are ... Made of minerals
Criteria for classifying rocks Formed from one or more minerals, solid, formed in nature, can be organic or inorganic
Three rock types Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
Rock type depends on How they're formed, texture, and composition
Igneous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of maga/lava
Igneous rocks can be formed in two places - intrusive and extrusive
Intrusive Formed inside the Earth's crust, cools slowly, large crystals, from magma
Extrusive Formed outside the Earth's crust/on the surface, cools quickly, small crystals, from lava, can be glassy or vesicular
Sedimentary rocks are formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, compaction, and cementation
Three types of sedimentary rocks Clastic, chemical, bioclastic
Clastic rocks visible pieces of rock, jagged or smooth
Chemical Rocks formed from dissolved minerals in water
Bioclastic rocks Formed from shells and other organic matter
Fossils can be found in what type of rock? Sedimentary
Metamorphic Rocks Formed under heat and pressure (no melting) of other rocks
Metamorphic characteristics Realignment of minerals, ex. layering and folding
Two metamorphism types Regional and Contact
Regional metamorphism Over large surfaces, caused by big events like orogenies (mountain building) or plates colliding - high pressure
Contact metamorphism Lava or magma comes into contact with rock, intense heat causes metamorphosis
Created by: Ms. Torres
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