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Surface Processes En

Surface Processes

TermDefinition
Porosity the amount of airspace within a soil
Permiability A measure of how rapidly water flows through the spol
Permeability - if are spaces are connected, water can flow... easily
Permeability - if air spaces are not connected, water can flow... poorly
Factors Affecting Porosity Particle shape, sorting, compaction
Factors Affecting Porosity - Particle Shape means The more rounded the shape, the more porous the soil
Factors Affecting Porosity - Sorting Sorted material (all one size) has a higher porosity
Factors Affecting Porosity - Compaction Less compact is more porous
Infiltration The downward movement of water due to gravity
When porosity and permeability are high, infiltration is ... High
Runoff water standing or flowing on earth's surface
Runoff happens when... - precipitation exceeds infiltration - ground is fully saturated - ground slope is too high - ground is impermeable (concrete) - lack of plant vegetation
Capillary Action upward movement of water through soil
Deposition The depositing of rocks, silt, etc
Factors that affect deposition Particle Size, Particle Density, Particle Shape
When particle size increases, rate of deposition... increases
When particle density increases, rate of deposition ... increases
When particle shape is smooth and rounded, particles will settle out first
Weathering breakdown of earth's material into smaller pieces
Physical Weathering breakdown of the physical shape of a material
Physical weathering examples Frost/ice, plant roots, impact, friction, burrowing animals, temperature changes
Chemical Weathering breakdown of the chemical structure of an object (typically associated with bubbles, odor)
Chemical weathering examples Acid rain, oxidation, carbonic acid dissolves rocks, living organisms produce acids
Erosion The process by which water, ice, wind, etc transport weathered materials
Agents of erosion Water (rivers, streams, runoff); Ice (glaciers), Wind, Mass movements (landslides, mudslides)
Stream Development factors Age, amount of deposition, velocity of stream flow, type of substrate/soil
Young streams (near source) features Straight path, steep slope, high water velocity, lots of erosion, v shaped valley
Mature Streams Flood plain develops, gentler slop, lower water velocity, less erosion, increased deposition, meanders/bends form
Old Streams (near mouth) Very wide flood plain, almost flat, low slope, very slow water velocity, very curvy lots of meanders
Inner stream bank characteristics Higher deposition, slower water velocity, flatter bank slope
Outer stream bank characteristics Higher erosion, faster water velocity, steeper bank slope
Glaciers Large moving mass of ice, most powerful agent of erosion
Glaciers are found in... Colder regions where more snow falls than can melt
Glaciers can form 5 landscapes: ... U-shaped valleys, kettle lakes, drumlins, erratics, moraines
U-shaped valley Formed by glaciers, sharp ridge on mountain tops
Kettle lates Depression in outwash plain, fills with water from melted glacial water
Drumlins Elongated hills, steeper on one side than the other
Erratics Rocks deposited in an area from a glacier that is out of place
Morains Accumulation of debris from a glacier (example - Brooklyn and greenwood cemetary!)
Delta Forms from sediments deposited at the mouth of a river entering a large body of water
Dune Formed by the wind blowing sediments into mountains of sand
Created by: Ms. Torres
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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