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Homostasis
4U Bio Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define dynamic equilibrium | Conditions remain stable with fluctuating limits |
| What are the three components of homo static control system? | Motor Coordinating centre Regulator |
| What do negative feedback systems do | Make adjustments to bring the body back within the acceptable range or study state work to resist change |
| What do positive feedback systems do | Make adjustments to move system even further away from acceptable range work to reinforce change |
| Why do we need excretion systems? | Some products of our metabolism can be harmful and need to be taken out of our system to avoid damage |
| What is deamination | Removal of un amino acid in protein metabolism, resulting in ammonia |
| What is detoxification in the liver? | Two molecules of ammonia are combined with a carbon dioxide in the liver to form less toxic urea which can be excreted by the kidneys |
| What supply blood to the kidneys? | Renal arteries |
| What is the general pathway of urine? | Aorta, renal arteries, kidney, uterus, urinary sphincter,urethra |
| What is urine? | Filtrate of waste removed from flood in the kidneys |
| What is the pathway of blood in the kidneys? | Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowman capsule, Efficient artérioles, peri tubular capillaries |
| What is the pathway of filtrate in the nephron? | Bowman’s capsule, proximal tuble , Loop of henle, Distal tube, collecting duct |
| What are the three processes that produce urine? | Filtration Reabsorption Secretion |
| How does filtration of urine occur? | High-pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of blood at Bowman capsule |
| How does reabsorption of Urine occur | In the proximal and distal tubules There is selective reabsorption. The descending limb of the loop of henle Is permeable to water and the sand lemon is permeable to salt |
| How does secretion of urine occur? | Movement of waste into nephron in the distal tubal via active transport |
| What is ADH? | Anti- diuretic hormone it controls the concentration of urine and is released into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland |
| What does increased ADH do? | More concentrated urine less water output |
| What are Osmoreceptors? | Specialized neurons in the hypothalamus that detect changes in osmotic pressure |
| What is osmotic pressure? | The pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semi permeable membrane via osmosis |
| What does decrease in water intake due to the blood? | Makes it more concentrated |
| How does the body know went to release ADH | Osmo receptors shrink as water enters the bloodstream, triggering a nerve response to the pituitary to send more ADH |
| What parts of the nephron are impermeable to water? | Distal tubale Collecting duct Ascending loop of HENLE |
| What does ADH do? | Causes the collecting ducks of the kidney to become permeable to water, reducing the volume of urine in concentrating the urine |
| How does the kidney regulate blood pressure? | Receptors in the JUXTAGLOMERULAR apparatus Release RENIN which converts ANGIOTENSINOGEN Into ANGIOTENSIN. ANGIOTENSIN Stimulates release of a . ALDOSTERONE which causes the distal tubal and collecting duct in increasing osmotic gradient, more water moving |
| How do kidneys help to maintain carbonic acid bicarbonate? | Carbon dioxide is actively transported from the PERITUBULAR Capillary to the nephron, where it combines with water to generate bicarbonate |
| What are hormones? | Chemical regulators produced in one part of the body that affects cells and other parts of the body |
| How are hormones classified? | According to their activation site either target or non-target |
| What are the properties of protein hormones? | Amino acid chains of varying lengths Soluble in water Includes insulin Cyclic AMP |
| What are the properties of steroid hormones? | Lipid compound Male and female sex hormones cortisol Complex carbon rings Hydrophobic Lipid soluble |
| What happens in posterior pituitary gland? | Releases hormones such as ADH oxytocin( Produced by the hypothalamus |
| What happens in the anterior pituitary gland? | Produces its own hormones, hypothalamus regulates release of them, like growth, hormone, and prolactin |
| How does the endocrine system react when blood sugar is high? | Insulin is released from beta cells in the pancreas, increasing permeability of organs to glucose glucose converted to glycogen and used for storage |
| How does the endocrine system react when blood sugar is low? | Glucagon is released from the alpha cells in the pancreas, causing liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream |
| What is the bodies short term stress response? | The adrenal medulla receives instruction to release adrenaline and non-noadrenaline Blood sugar rises. Heart rate increases blood Vessels andiries dilate |
| What is the bodies long-term stress response? | Anterior pituitary releases, CTH, which travels to the adrenal cortex to release MINERALOCORTICOIDS And GLUCOCORTICOID |
| What does thyroxin do? | T4 affects the rate at which glucose is converted into ATP and release as heat |
| What is goiter? | Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
Created by:
hneil
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