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Chapter 25
Animal Systems I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Some annelids are detritivores. Their main source of food comes from... | decaying dead plan and animal remains |
| cattle depend on microorganisms in their digestive tract to digest the cellulose in their diets. The cattle and the microorganisms are | mutualistic symbiotes |
| what are the two products of cellular respiration? | water and carbon dioxide |
| intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested | inside specialized cells |
| a gastrovascular cavity is the | body space in some invertebrates where digestive and circulatory functions occur |
| an animal that relies on a digestive tract for digestion breaks down food by | extracellular digestion only |
| carnivores have teeth that are designed to | slice and tear |
| which group of animals has the largest surface area in the lungs | mammals |
| look at the teeth in figure 27-1. the teeth in this skull are best suited for | grinding leaves |
| termites are insects that consume wood. based on a termite's diet, which of the following statements would you expect to be true about its digestive system | the termite has a symbiotic relationship with cellulose-digesting microorganisms in its digestive tract |
| gasses diffuse most efficiently across a | thin, moist selectively permeable membrane |
| which of the following statements is true about gas diffusion across respiratory membranes | gasses diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| oxygen and carbon dioxide move across respiratory membranes by | simple diffusion |
| oxygen constantly diffuses from air or water into an animal's bloodstream. For this to happen, the concentration of oxygen in the blood must be | lower than the concentration of oxygen in the air or water |
| which of the following animals has a body covering that allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide? | flatworms |
| by pumping water over their gills, fish and aquatic mollusks | promote diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| an organisms might rely on the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their outer body covering if it is | small and lives in water |
| which of the following aquatic animals uses lungs to breathe | dolphins |
| mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in | terrestrial invertebrates |
| in what way does living on land present a challenge to terrestrial animals | they must keep their respiratory membranes moist, even in dry environments |
| what part of the mammalian heart receives deoxygenated blood | right atrium |
| which of the following groups of animals has the most efficient gas exchange | birds |
| humans have lungs with million of alveoli. this implies that humans... | have a higher metabolic rate than amphibians and reptiles |
| a closed circulatory system is one which | blood flows through a system of blood vessels throughout the body |
| in the open circulatory system of some mollusks, blood is found | in blood vessels into cavities called sinuses |
| in a double-loop circulatory system what is the loop that goes to the lungs and back called | pulmonary loop |
| both oysters and squid are mollusks. Why is an open circulatory system adequate for an oyster but not for a squid? | oysters do not move around, but squid are very active |
| why is double-loop circulation better for larger, more active animals than singe-loop? | it is difficult for a single pump to force blood through the entire system of a large animal |
| as shown in figure 27-3, the ventricle in a single-loop circulatory system is responsible for | pumping blood out to the gills |
| which of the following animals has a true three-chambered heart? | african bullfrog |
| in vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in figure 27-4 (above), the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for | exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air |
| excretion is the process of | removing metabolic wastes from the body |
| kidneys process nitrogenous wastes by | filtering nitrogenous wastes by passive diffusion |
| kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because... | some animals live in dry or salty environments |
| aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water that they live in are | filter feeders |
| a parasite is a type of | symbiont |