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24 Cumulative Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Storage tank for cells | Vacuole |
| Main source of energy for thecell;powerhouse | Mitochondria |
| Protein making site of the cell | Ribosomes |
| Covering over nucleus that allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus | Nuclear membrane |
| Unit is used when measuring length | Centimeters |
| Instrument used to measure volume | Graduated cylinder or beaker |
| Instrument used to measure mass | Balance or scale |
| Unit used to determine mass | gram |
| Instrument used to measure length | Meter stick |
| Basic unit of life | Cell |
| Small, round structures involved with digestive activities of the cell; found in animal cells only | Lysosomes |
| Contains chlorophyll which gives plants their green color; not found in animal cells | Chloroplasts |
| Tube-like passageway that carries materials from one place to another | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| The genes someone has for a trait (TT, Tt, tt) | genotypes |
| Movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy | Passive transport |
| Movement of molecules that require energy. Molecules move from low concentration to high concentration | Active transport |
| Molecules moving from area of high concentration to area of low concentration | Diffusion |
| Describe 3 examples of diffusion in everyday life | Many possible answers |
| Letting some materials pass through the cell membrane while other materials are unable to pass through | Semipermable or selectively permeable |
| Water crossing over the cell membrane moving from higher concentration to lower concentration | Osmosis |
| Explain why food coloring spreads faster in warm water than in cold water | Molecules move faster in warmer water and barely move in cold water |
| Osmosis is passive transport or active transport | Passive transport |
| Diffusion is passive or active transport? | Passive transport |
| Observations using numbers and amounts | Quantitative |
| Observations using qualities, descriptions, and/or colors | Qualitative |
| Gathering information by noting facts or occurrences; using your senses | Observation |
| a conclusion based on evidence | Inference |
| Characteristics that distinguish one thing from another | Properties |
| the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo | cell cycle |
| the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus | replication |
| a doubled rod of condensed chromatin, contains DNA that carries genetic information | chromosome |
| the three things that happen during interphase | cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division preparation |
| one of the identical rods of a chromosome | chromatid |
| the 4 phases of mitosis (in order of occurance) | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| stage three of the cell cycle | cytokinesis |
| the three stages of the cell cycle (in order of occurance) | interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
| Controls movement in and out of the cell and protects the cell | CELL MEMBRANE |
| The storage tank for the cell; stores food and water | VACUOLE |
| The main source of the cell; powerhouse of the cell | MITOCHONDRIA |
| Protein making sites of the cell | RIBOSOMES |
| Contains chlorophyll;not found in animals | CHLOROPLAST |
| Jelly-like substance that makes up most of the living material in the cell | CYTOPLASM |
| Tube-like passageways that carry materials from one place to another | ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
| Brain of the cell; directs all cell activity | NUCLEUS |
| Rigid outer covering of a plant cell; made of cellulose | CELL WALL |
| Basic unit of life | CELL |
| Small, round structures involved with digestive activities of the cell; found in animal cells only | LYSOSOMES |
| Modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell | GOLGI BODY |
| Covering over nucleus; allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus | NUCLEAR MEMBRANE |
| When plants use energy from the sun what do they produce? | glucose and oxygen |
| A ______________ is an organism that cannot make its own food. | Heterotroph |
| Plants make their own food so they care called______. | autotrophs |
| Carbon dioxide + water + (suns energy) ---> glucose + oxygen | the formula for photosynthesis |
| What is the formula for cellular respiration? | glucose + Oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | glucose + oxygen |
| What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide + water + (suns energy) |
| What are the products of cellular respiration? | carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| What are the raw materials of cellular respiration? | glucose + oxygen |
| What product(s) of photosynthesis do most living things need to survive? | glucose and oxygen Without them cellular respiration could not happen, the organism would not have any energy, and would not survive! |
| The small openings that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf. | Stomata |
| Chloroplasts contain pigment called _____ that captures the energy in light. | chlorophyll |
| Define placebo | An inactive (fake) medicine given to the control group |
| How does the placebo help in a clinical trial? | The researcher is better able to compare the experimental group's results with the control group's results. This comparison helps them know if the medicine really worked. |
| The group who gets the real medicine. | Experimental Group |
| The group who gets the placebo. | Control group |
| What group enforces the laws on product safety and effectiveness? | FDA (Food and Drug Administration) |
| What is the form a clinical trial participant must receive and sign? | Informed Consent Form |
| organisms that cause disease; a germ; a microbe | pathogen |
| a disease that can pass from one organism to another; communicable | infectious disease |
| the four major groups of human pathogens | bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists |
| a poison that is produced by bacterial pathogens | toxin |
| one celled-microorganism; has a cell wall; has no nucleus; is living | bacteria |
| not a cell; are not living; cannot reproduce unless they are inside living cells | virus |
| single-celled organism; has a nucleus; is living | protist |
| examples of diseases caused by viruses | polio, measles, smallpox, chicken pox, common cold, influenza |
| examples of disease caused by bacteria | tetanus, strep throat, tuberculosis, cholera, whooping cough |
| examples of diseases caused by protists | malaria, amoebic dysentery |
| examples of diseases caused by fungi | athlete's foot, ringworm |
| ways in which diseases are spread | person-to-person, contaiminated objects, animal objects, pathogens from the environment |
| a scientist who traces the spread of a disease through a population | epidemiologist |
| a person who never develops symptoms of a disease yet can spread it to others | carrier |
| an organism (other than a person) that spreads disease-causing germs usually without getting sick itself | vector |
| a microorgansim especially one causing a disease | microbe |
| to isolate a group of people with a particular disease to prevent it from spreading | quarantine |
| a newly developed disease that is spread throughout the human population for the first time | emerging disease |
| discovered the vaccine for polio | Jonas Salk |
| discovered penicillin kills bacteria | Alexander Fleming |
| the living organism in which a virus lives | host |
| the whip-like structure that allows some protist to move | flagella |
| the microbe antibiotics are used to kill | bacteria |
| the body's ability to distinguish between the substances of your own body and foreign substances | immune response |
| blood type O; can donate blood to A, B, AB, and O | universal blood donor |
| blood type AB; can receive blood from donors A, B, AB, and O | universal blood recipient |
| list microbes in order from largest to smallest | protists, bacteria, and viruses |
| discovered microbes can cause infectious disease | Louis Pasteur |
| All the different populations that live together in an area | community |
| The place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs | habitat |
| All the members of one species in a particular area | population |
| The job or function of an animal in a community | Niche |
| The community and abiotic factors form this | Ecosystem |
| An environmental factor that prevents a population from growing | Limiting Factor |
| an organism that makes its own food | producer |
| An organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms | consumers |
| a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy | food chain (ARROWS SHOW THE FLOW OF ENERGY!) |
| consists of many overlapping food chains | food web (ARROWS SHOW THE FLOW OF ENERGY!) |
| the living parts of an ecosystem | biotic factors |
| the non-living parts of an ecosystem | abiotic factors |
| The four requirements for maintaing life | food, water, shelter, space |
| smallest unit of organization in an ecosystem | organism |
| the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment | ecology |
| the act of moving into a population | immigration |
| the act of moving out of a population | emigration |
| the largest population an environment can | carrying capacity |
| a change in behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allows them to live succesfully in their environment | adaptation |
| the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources | competition |
| interaction in which one organism kills and eats another organism | predation |
| the organism that does the killing | predator |
| the organism that is killed | prey |
| the organism that benefits when living on or inside another organism | parasite |
| the organism that has another organism living inside or on it | host |
| a organism that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms | scavenger |
| organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw material to the environment | decomposers |
| a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web | energy pyramid |
| the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back | water cycle |
| the process by which a gas changes to a liquid | condensation |
| the form of water that falls to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail | precipitation |
| the process by which molecules of liquid water absorb energy and changed to a gas state | evaporation |
| the organism that eats the producer | 1st level consumer |
| the organism that eats the 2nd level consumer | 2nd level consumer |
| evaporation, condensation, precipitation | the 3 parts of the water cycle |
| This part of your brain controls vital processes such as breathing | Brain stem |
| * This virus' main symptom is a sore throat. The most popular treatment is penicillin | Strep throat |
| This tube connects your bladder to | Urethra |
| * *These are small tubes that connect veins and arteries. | Capillaries |
| This is the first part of digestion where saliva begins chemical digestion | Mouth |
| * * This BRAIN disease damages the nervous system | Parkinson's disease |
| *This disease is caused by a failure of your pancreas to be able to regulate the amount of enzymes it releases | Diabetes |
| This system gives your body and organs support | Skeletal System |
| The job of this circulatory organ is to pump blood | Heart |
| This is the organ where urine is store until it is ready to be expelled | Bladder |
| These are foreign objects that are fought by the White blood cells by the production of antibodies | Pathogens |
| This disease is from the HIV virus and attacks the immune system | AIDS |
| This system allows your body to get energy from food | Digestive System |
| This is where solid waste is stored before it is expelled through the anus | Rectum |
| The small organ stores bile made by the liver | Gallbladder |
| ACHOO!! This virus causes your immune system to fight while you experience a fever, achy joints, and bad cold symptoms | Flu (Influenza) |
| This system fights "germs" with the white blood cell | Immune |
| *These tube branch into your lungs | Bronchi |
| These two organs clean waste, urea, and excess water to form urine | Kidneys |
| These are involuntary muscles that help with digestion | Smooth muscles |
| This system is used for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide | Respiratory System |
| This organ is the highway of the body that runs from your brain stem down your back | Spinal cord |
| This system is control of blood flow through the body | Circulatory System |
| This organ branches from the spinal cord | Peripheral nerves |
| This organ branches from the spinal cord | Peripheral nerves |
| This part of the brain controls thoughts, actions, and your 5 senses | Cerebrum |
| These organs have layers and produce blood cells | Bones |
| This muscle aids in respiration | Diaphragm |
| This disease can develop many ways; one is over exposure to the sun | Skin Cancer |
| This part of the brain helps you develop balance and coordination | Cerebellum |
| This organ absorbs the water from digestion, leaving behind solid waste | Large intestines |
| This system is made of many different tissues that attach to bones and allow the body to move | Muscular System |
| This system includes the brain and allows you to feel your environment | Nervous System |
| This virus causes a stuffy nose, headaches, and a fever | Colds |
| This organ leads to the lungs | Trachea |
| Inside this long organ, absorption of nutrients takes place | Small intestines |
| This organ uses mechanical and chemical digestion to further break down food | Stomach |
| This is where solid waste exits the body after it's stay in the rectum | Anus |
| These tubes connect the kidneys to the bladder | Ureters |
| These organs contract and stretch to allow you to move | Muscles |
| People that experience this may use an inhaler to help with the swelling of their breathing areas caused by various triggers | Asthma |
| This fungus occurs | Athlete's foot |
| This word is any abnormal condition developed by the body | Disease |
| This is the northern most area where air enters the body and is warmed and moistened | Nose |
| These tubes carry oxygen rich blood to the body away from the heart | Arteries |
| This system is responsible for getting waste out of the body | Excretory System |
| Creates bile to chemically breakdown fats | Liver |
| This organ is the largest of the nervous system and has 3 main parts | Brain |
| This is a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach | Esophagus |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space. | Matter |
| Small particle that makes up most types of matter | Atoms |
| Matter made of only one kind of atom | Element |
| Substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element bonded together | Compound |
| Two or more substances come together but do not combine to make a new substance | Mixture |
| Elements with shiny or metallic luster and are good conductors of heat and electricity | Metals |
| Elements which are usually dull in appearance, most are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and many are gases at room temperature (bromine - liquid) | Nonmetals |
| Elements with metal and nonmetal characteristics, solid at room temperature, some are shiny, many are conductors. | Metalloids |
| Rows on the Periodic Table of Elements are called... | Periods |
| Columns on the Periodic Table of Elements are called... | Families |
| International system of identifying each element on the Periodic Table | Chemical symbols |
| Tells you which elements make up a compound and how many atoms of each element are present | Chemical formulas |
| The force that holds atoms together, can be broken or formed during a chemical reaction | Chemical bond |
| Chemical formula for Sodium Chloride, table salt | NaCl |
| Chemical formula for Water | H2O |
| Chemical formula for Simple sugar | C6 H12 O6 |
| Chemical formula for Oxygen | O2 |
| Chemical formula for Carbon Dioxide | CO2 |
| Chemical formula for Nitrogen | N2 |
| on the pH scale 0-6 | Acid |
| Substance that accepts H+ ions and produces hydroxide ions,OH-, when dissolved in water , a pH of 8 or higher | Base |
| A pH indicator soaked onto paper to show the level of pH value, red indicates acid and blue indicates base | Litmus paper |
| Another name for litmus paper | pH paper |
| Acid reaction is colorless, base reaction is red | Phenolphthalein |
| A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is | pH |
| A form of shorthand describing reactants used and products formed, ie., sliced apple + oxygen -> apple turns brown | Chemical equations |
| The mass of the products must be the same as the mass of the reactants in that chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed | Law of Conservation of Matter (mass) |
| Temperature at which a solid changes in to a liquid | Melting point |
| Temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas | Boiling point |
| Process that produces chemical change | Chemical reactions |
| Result of a chemical change as solutions are mixed forming a solid | Precipitate |
Created by:
jessica_lamberson
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