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URINARY SYSTEM-A&PII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______ the tuft of capillaries that sits within Bowman's capsule | GLOMERULUS |
| ______ this tubular structure receives urine from the distal tubule | COLLECTING DUCT |
| ______ this tubular structure receives urine from the distal tubule | LOOP OF HENLE |
| ______ these capillaries surround the tubules and reabsorb large amounts of water and solute | PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES |
| ______ filtration causes water and dissolved solute to move from the glomerulus into this tubular structure | BOWMAN'S CAPSULE |
| ______ this enzyme is secreted by the JGA cells and activates angiotensinogen ______ this hormone stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ and excrete K+ | RENIN |
| ______ this posterior pituitary hormone determines the membrane permeability of the collecting duct to water | ADH- Antidiuretic Hormone |
| ______ this hormone stimulates the tubules to reabsorb calcium and excrete phosphate | PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) |
| ______ is secreted by the lungs and changes angiotensin I to angiotensin II | CONVERTING ENZYME |
| ______ this hormone acts as a vasopressor and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone | ANGIOTENSIN II |
| ______ hormone that is secreted by the kidneys and stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells | ERYTHROPOIETIN |
| MICTURATION | refers to urination. |
| Glomerular function? | A. is affected by the blood pressure B. concerned with the filtration of 180 L/24 hrs (of water) C. a decline in GFR (glomerular filtration rate) causes oliguria |
| A deficiency of aldosterone causes a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water; causing a significant decrease in blood volume and | HYPOTENSION |
| Aldosterone? | this hormone stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ and excrete K+A. is a mineralocorticoid B. is the "salt-retaining" hormone C.causes the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water |
| normal urine? | Urine is normally sterile. |
| most likely to cause glucosuria? | hyperglycemia |
| RENIN | activates angiotensinogen. |
| ANGIOTENSIN I | is a potent vasoconstrictor |
| angiotensin II? | |
| ALDOSTERONE | |
| Most tubular reabsorption takes place | across the proximal tubule. |
| A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone | causes diuresis-increased production of urine by the kidney |
| A drug that blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ causes? | diuresis |
| Why is glucose not normally excreted in the urine? | All filtered glucose is reabsorbed. |
| A person with ______________ is most likely to have a deficiency of aldosterone. | adrenal cortical insufficiency |
| A person with diabetes mellitus is most likely to experience | glucosuria and polyuria |
| Albuminuria is most indicative | glomerular damage.albumin is present in the urine- Albumin is a protein in your blood plasma. In healthy kidneys, the albumin does not pass from the blood in to the urine. |
| An elevated serum creatinine is most indicative of | declining renal function. |
| What is the earliest consequence of a decreased GFR, as in shock? | oliguria-decreased production of urine |
| An anticholinergic (muscarinic antagonist) drug, such as atropine, prevents both the relaxation of the urinary sphincter and the contraction of the detrusor muscle. You would therefore observe the patient for signs of | urinary retention |
| structure is considered "plumbing"? | ureter |
| The trigone | found in the urinary bladder-smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice |
| Urea is | excreted by the kidneysthe liver combines ammonia and carbon dioxide to form itnitrogenous waste from amino acid metab. or protein catabolism |
| Creatinine is a(n) | waste product that is eliminated by the kidneys |
| urine-making processes | Glomerular filtrationSecretion of Na+, Reabsorption of K+urine concentration by the collecting ducts |
| URIC ACID | nitrogenous waste from nucleic acid metab. |
| 6 functions of the urinary system | |
| NEPHROPTOSIS | |
| NEPHRON & its two parts | |
| HILUS | Indentation where lymph vessels, nerves, blood vessels and ureters enter the kidneys |
| Kidney's regions | |
| CALYCES | |
| RENAL ARTERY | |
| 4 nitrogenous waste products that the kidneys remove? | |
| What are nitrogenous waste formed? | |
| URIC ACID | |
| CREATININE | |
| Kidneys ACID-BASE balance | |
| KIDNEYS REGULATION OF pH | |
| - acidosis & alkalosis | |
| - normal values | |
| - compensations | |
| What is the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)? | |
| RENIN | |
| What triggers JGAs? | |
| 6 steps of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? | |
| ALDOSTERONE | |
| What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys? | |
| What is ADH and where doews it originate? | |
| What is ANP? Where is it secreted from? and what triggers it? | |
| What is BNP? Where is it secreted from? | |
| What is erythropoietin? wHERE IS SECRETED FROM? | |
| What does PTH do? | |
| What does the body require in order to stimulate calcium reabsorption in the kidneys/intestines? | |
| Where vitamin D is activated? When activated, what does vitamin D do? | |
| How much of cardiac output is delivered to the kidneys from the RENAL ARTERY? | |
| What is the location of the kidneys called? | |
| protect the kidneys? | |
| What is the fibrous capsule called? |
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