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Anatomy Final HN
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | The study of body structure |
| physiology | The study of body function |
| proximal | Coser to the point of attachment |
| distal | away from the point of attachment |
| dorsal | toward the back |
| dorsal body cavity | brain and spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | contains heart and lungs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| saggital plane | divides the body into a right and left side |
| transverse plane | line that divides the body into upper and lower sections |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| pericardium | Membrane surrounding the heart |
| peritoneum | membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| Pleural | pertaining to the lungs |
| integumentary system | external support and protection of the body; helps maintain body temperature |
| Skeletal system | Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. produces blood cells |
| muscular system | body movement;production of heat and maintains body temperature |
| digestive system | breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients into the blood |
| nervous system | Regulatory centers for control of all body systems; learning and memory |
| Endocrine system | Secretion of hormones for chemical regulation of all body systems |
| cardiovascular system | The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. |
| lymphatic system | the drainage system of the body; believed to be involved in immune functioning |
| respiratory system | Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide. |
| urinary system | maintenance of blood volume and chemical composition of blood |
| female reproductive system | produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus |
| male reproductive system | produces and delivers sperm |
| Inguinal | groin area |
| axillary | armpit |
| optic | eye |
| oral | mouth |
| brachial | upper arm |
| Popliteal | back of knee |
| patellar | front of knee |
| cubital | elbow |
| epithelial tissue | covers the surfaces of your body, inside and out; has a free surface and a basement membrane |
| muscle tissue | tissue responsible for movement |
| connective tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
| nervous tissue | consists of neurons and supporting cells |
| adipose | responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis |
| arrector pili | a smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that causes "goose bumps" to appear on the skin when contracted |
| suderiferous glands | sweat glands - glands that produce a saline solution called sweat |
| sebaceous gland | oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles |
| axial skeleton | Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column |
| Coccyx | tailbone |
| patella | kneecap |
| sacrum | triangular shaped bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column |
| Atlas | C1 - First cervical vertebrae. Carries the skull. |
| Axis | C2; the second vertebrae of the neck |
| abduction | Movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | Movement toward the midline of the body |
| extension | Straightening of a joint; increases the angle of the joint |
| Dorsiflexion | bending of the foot or the toes upward |
| Epiphysis | End of a long bone; contains spongy bone |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone; contains compact bone |
| cardiac muscle | Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart; intercalated disks |
| skeletal muscle | muscle tissue that striated and voluntary; made up of long cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei |
| termporalis | elevates mandible |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| occipitalis | pulls scalp posteriorly |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes neck; rotates head |
| Gastrocnemius | Calf muscle |
| orbicularis oris | closes and protrudes lips |
| orbicularis oculi | closes eye |
| pectoralis major | chest muscle |
| deltoid | shoulder muscle |
| rectus abdominis | flexes vertebral column |
| gluteus maximus | butt muscle |
| gracialis | adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg |
| synergist | Muscle that assists a prime mover |
| prime mover | muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement |
| Antagonist | muscles that oppose or reverse a movement |
| sensory neuron | neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
| Interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| primary somatosensory cortex | the region of the anterior parietal lobe whose primary input is from the somatosensory system |
| primary motor cortex | the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| frontal lobe | The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech, and impulsive behavior. |
| parietal lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position |
| occipital lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex toward the back of the brain that processes visual information |
| temporal lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language; located on the side of the brain |
| Cerebellum | the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance |
| Mechanoreceptors | respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch |
| Thermoreceptors | respond to changes in temperature |
| Photoreceptors | respond to light |
| Chemoreceptors | respond to chemicals |
| chochlea | part of the inner ear that transduces movement into signals or action potentials |
| aqueous humor | fluid in the eye, found between the cornea and the lens |
| vitreous humor | jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape |
| lacrimal secretion | tears |
| fovea centralis | tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision |
| simple goiter | thyroid enlarges due to lack of iodine in the diet |
| endocrine | secreting directly into tissues without ducts |
| exocrine glands | secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body |
| parathyroid gland | any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland |
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
| adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress. |
| thymus gland | located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin |
| pineal gland | secretes melatonin; located in the brain |
| pancreas | organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes |
| capillaries of lungs | oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves |
| capillaries of the body | vessels where nutrients diffuse out of and wastes diffuse into the the blood |
| pulmonary arteries | carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs |
| pulmonary veins | Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| aorta | The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body. |
| superior and inferior vena cava | veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the systemic circuit |
| red bone marrow | produces blood cells |
| plasma | Liquid part of blood |
| universal donor | Type O |
| universal recipient | Type AB |
| white blood cells | move in and out of bloodstream and fight infection |
| red blood cells | carry oxygen |
| platelets | blood clotting |
| right atrium | the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus |
| right ventricle | bottom right side of the heart; pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
| left atrium | Upper left side of the heart; Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into systemic circulation. |
| left ventricle | Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta; located at the bottom left side of heart; muscle is thicker |
Created by:
brookebiery
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