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Ecology keywords

Biology flashcard test

QuestionAnswer
all the communities/living organisms/ biotic factors and environmental / abiotic factors in a particular area; these factors are interacting and interdependent; they make up a self-contained system which is self supporting in terms of energy flow. ECOSYSTEM
all the factors in a habitat which affect an organism; these may be either living(= biotic) or non living (= abiotic). ENVIRONMENT
all the organisms (= ∑ the biotic factors) in a particular habitat at one time. COMMUNITY
the geographical area occupied by an ecosystem HABITAT
the role of a species within an ecosystem; its location/spatial habitat andfunctions - relationships/interactions with other organisms - and its effect on the environment NICHE
a group of potentially interbreeding individuals; which do not normally interbreed with other groups/species to produce viable, fertile offspring. SPECIES
a sequence of organisms in an ecosystem in which each is the food of the next organism in the sequence. Arrows represent energy flow through the chain. FOOD CHAIN
All the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem (usually complex to calculate). FOOD WEB
a feeding level in a food web - defined by the method of obtaining food; all the organisms in a particular trophic level are the same number of energy transfers away from the producers. TROPHIC LEVEL
the first organism in a food chain; an autotroph (i.e capable of manufacturing organic molecules/food, normally by photosynthesis (thus, normally a plant). PRODUCER
the second organism in a food chain (in the second trophic level); consumes/obtains energy from the producer; (thus a herbivore). PRIMARY CONSUMER
consumes/obtains energy from the primary consumer; (thus a carnivore). SECONDARY CONSUMER
a representation of the number of organisms in each trophic level in anNUMBERS ecosystem; the width of each block is proportional to the number of organisms in each trophic level. PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
(better) a representation of the biomass in each trophic level in an ecosystem; the width of each block is proportional to the biomass in each trophic level. PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
(better still) a representation of the energy in each trophic level in an ecosystem; the width of each block in proportional to the energy in each trophic level; usually measured in KJ m.-2 year-1. PYRAMID OF ENERGY
the maximum population that a particular environment can support CARRYING CAPACITY
the environmental factors which reduce population growth rate: e.g. disease predation, competition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
Created by: stmartins
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