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Mitosis

Part C

QuestionAnswer
How many parts are there in interphase? 3
What occurs at the 1st Growth phase and 2? The cell is growing & developing its organelles; second phase it does the same but also prepared for mitosis
When do chromosomes replicate in the nucleus? Synthesis phase; x2 chromosomes
When does the whole cell divide itself into 2 daughter cells? During Mitosis - type of cell division
What stage do centrioles move to opposite poles in the cell? Prophase ; nuclear envelope also disappears & chromosomes coil into visible structures
What stages are the chromosomes doubled (46 pairs)? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, telophase
During Metaphase, where do spindle fibres attach onto? The centromere - middle of chromosome Spindle fibres attach onto the chromosomes & line them up in the middle
When do spindle fibres retract? During Anaphase - they pull half of the chromosomes towards each centriole
When are the spindle fibres back in the centriole? During Telophase - nuclear envelopes start to form back around BOTH sets of chromosomes Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin
When does a cell separate into 2 daughter cells (copies)? During Cytokinesis - cell membrane pinches off the middle & separates
How many main points on the cell cycle are there where proteins determine whether the cell should divide or not? 3 cell checkpoints - if it does not pass; it is repaired or destroyed
What happens at the first cell checkpoint during 1st Growth Phase? Checks is there is a lack of nutrients to support growth
What happens at the second cell checkpoint during Synthesis Phase? Checks if DNA does not replicate or have been damaged
What happens at the third cell checkpoint during Metaphase in Mitosis? Checks if the chromosomes have not attached themselves to spindle fibres & have not moved to opposite poles during anaphase
What happens during apoptosis? Cells die when they are too old to function It is a process carried out by lysosomes Has a specialized function
How many times does a normal cell undergo Mitosis? 50-60 times ( when it is reached - die)
When does the "suicide gene" inside a cell's DNA activate? 1. If cell is damaged beyond repair 2. If cell is infected by virus or bacteria
How many times can a Cancer cell undergo Mitosis? Unlimited number of times (BAD - cell loses its function)
How do tumors form? They are cells that clump together due to an uncontrollable urge to divide Never die on their own
Why do Cancer cells not function normally? Because its DNA becomes mutated by genetic, smoking, etc.
What are the two types of tumors? Malignant - Cancerous Benign - Non-cancerous or precancerous
Created by: taigey_baigey
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