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Vit/Mineral Function
Functions of vitamins and minerals in animal nutrition. ASCI 220, Cal Poly
| Vitamin/Mineral | Function (what it does, how) |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A* | 1) structural component of light receptor protein 2) Retinoic acid acting as hormone is required for epithelial tissue stimulating synthesis of glycoproteins 3) Bone formation: retinoic acid acting as hormone synthesizes collagen needed for mineralizati |
| Thiamin | 1) functions as a coenzyme, thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), that is essential for CHO metabolism - especially energy metabolism 2) Functions as a coenzyme that produces ribose and NADPH. |
| Riboflavin | structural component of two coenzyme electron carriers: flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and FAD = energy metabolism |
| Niacin | Niacin is structural component of three coenzyme electron carriers: FAD, NADP, NAD |
| Vitamin B6 | 1) Metabolic functions, serves as coenzyme for amino acid metabolism 2) synthesis of heme to make hemoglobin for O2 transport in RBC 3) involved in synthesis of neurotransmitters (GABA, epinephrine) |
| Vitamin B12* | 1) Coenzyme involved in synthesis of nucleic acids. a) formation of RBC b) maintain epithelial cells c) maintain myelin sheath in nervous system 2) coenzyme to convert propionate and branched-chain amino acids to glucose |
| Vitamin C | 1) antioxidant in body helps protect lipids in cell membranes and in lipid transport chain. 2) as antioxidant, help protect WBC 3) Coenzyme needed for synthesis of collagen |
| Choline* | 1) Nerve impulse transmission as a component of acetylcholine 2) a component of phospholipids: -structural component of lipid bilayer, - coponent of lipid transport vehicles 3) methyl group donor for many biosynthetic reactons, e.g. nucleic acid synthes |
| Vitamin E* | 1) as an antioxidant in body and feed: a) protect lipids in cell membranes and lipid transport vehicles from being destroyed in oxidative destruction b) preserve nutritional value by protecting EFAs and other fat-soluble vit. 2) protect WBC from oxidat |
| Vitamin K* | 1) functions as a coenzyme required for synthesis of prothrombin and other Ca-binding blood clotting factors 2) coenxyme required to synthesize Ca-binding proteins in other tissues such as bone |
| Folate (folic acid)* | The coenzyme for, tetrahydrofolate (THF), serves as a carrier of various 1-carbon unit building blocks in many biosynthetic reaction -Involved in synthesis of nucleic acids and choline, both which are needed for cell replication |
| Calcium | 1) Bone formation as a struct. comp. of bone crystals 2) B.C. c-f acting in concert with Ca-binding B.C factors 3) muscle contraction: __ is a c-f need for binding of miosin heads to actin 4) nerve impulse conduction via influence on membrane perm. to |
| Phosphorus | -Bone formation as a structural component of bone/teeth crystals -energy metabolism as comp. of ATP -comp. of phopholipids in cell memb. and LPV -Phosphate as component of DNA and RNA -maint. of osmotic pressure and acid/base balance |
| Magnesium | -bone formation as structural component of bone crystals -enzyme activator/cofactor for many enzymes involved in CHO metabolism and energy metabolism -muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction via influence on membrane permeability to Na |
| Sulfur | -structural component of cysteine and methionine -component of thiamin and biotin. S is needed in ruminant diets to synthesize t+b. Monogastrics cannot use it to synthesize t+b -component of: CoA, heparin, chondroitin sulfate in cartilage, bones, tendon |
| Iron | -Heme Iron: Component of O2 carriers in RBC and muscles and as component of cytochromes in ETC. -Non-heme Iron: component of Fe-containing flavoprotein enzymes involved in energy metabolism, e.g NADH dehyrogenase |
| Shared functions from Na, Cl, and K | 1) helps maintain osmotic pressure balance (Na and Cl-extracellular, K-intracellular) 2) Helps maintain acid/base balance |
| Copper (Cu) | Enzyme c-f involved in: 1) hemoglobin synthesis 2) bone protein matrix formation, *collagen* 3) formation of myelin sheath in nerves of CNS 4) comp. to form the pigment melanin from tyrosine 5) synthesize keratin 6) required for normal elastin forma |
| Iodine | Structural component of thyrozine, a hormone involved in regulating growth and metabolism. |
| Cobalt | Structural component of Vitamin B12 --is required by microbes to synthesize Vit B12--- |
| Zinc | 1) enzyme cofactor required for nucleic acid synthesis which affects protein synthesis 2) component of insulin involved in regulating blood glucose concentration and CHO+lipid metabolism |
| Fluorine: | Structural component of teeth, bones, enamel. F replaces the hydroxyl group in the hydroxyapatite crystals to produce strong bones and tooth enamel that is more resistant to acid decay |
| Choline | -Is a component of phospholipids (cell membranes, LTV) -Is a component of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) |
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ahypnaro
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