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Part B
Genes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Chromosomes? | A thread-like structure made up of DNA which controls the functions and characteristics of a cell. |
| What is a chromatin? | a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of organisms; humans. |
| What are 3 Parts of a DNA? | Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), 4 nitrogenous bases |
| What are the names of the 4 nitrogenous bases? | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
| How does a codon relate to an amino acid? | A codon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid. There are 20 amino acids, and one codon makes an amino acid. |
| How do amino acids make protein? | Amino acids form together to form a chain, which is a protein. This carries out a specific task set out from DNA; muscle development, enzymes, hormones, etc. |
| What's the difference between DNA and genes? | DNA is the building blocks of genes that contain the coded instruction for building and maintaining a body. Genes are a portion of DNA that are tasked with making specific proteins that play a critical role in the structure and function of the body. |
| What disease causes brain damage? | Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a condition in which your body can't break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. Amino acids help build protein in your body. Without treatment, phenylalanine builds up in the blood and can cause brain damage. |
| What makes people with down syndrome different from people who don't have the disease? | People with down syndrome are born with an extra chromic, meaning they have 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in a pair. Whereas someone without the disease only have 2 chromosomes in a pair. |
| How does Huntington Disease affect an individual's body? | The disease affects the nerve cells in an individual causing them to lose their muscle control. This causes speech impediments, and odd movements of the body, as the individual can no longer control their muscle movement. |
| What are transgenic organisms? | An organism whose genetic information has been altered with the insertion of genes from another species. |
| How is genetic engineering and transgenic organisms related? | A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. |
| What is an example of mutations? | Gene hemoglobin |
| What is a mutagen? | A substance or factor that can cause a mutation in DNA. |
| Does cloning affect DNA? | Cells from two clones have the same DNA and the same genes in their nuclei. |
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3gypt_17
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