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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What is a chromosome? Chromatid coiled up a protein Coils up when undergoing cell division
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? 23 pairs
What is chromatin? A thread-like structure made up of DNA which controls the functions and characteristics of a cell
What are the 3 parts of a DNA? phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), nucleotide (rung)
What are the 2 pairs of nitrogenous bases? Adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine
What is the name of half a chromosome? Sister Chromatids
What is the centre of a chromosome called? Centromere
What is a codon? A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid
How many amino acids are there? 20
How is a protein formed? Amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA
What is a gene? A segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual
How is the gene controlled? Based on the codon sequences in the gene segment
What are the 3 genetic disease cases? Phenylketonuria, Down syndrome, Huntington Disease
What is Phenylketonuria? The body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins, causing brain damage Test: test a baby's blood to see if they have the protein enzyme
What is Down Syndrome? when an embryo has an extra chromosome Test: amniotic sac fluid is withdrawn and a micrograph of each pair of chromosome is shown (karyotype)
What is Huntington Disease? Affects the nerve cells so a person loses muscle control Test: DNA screening of the individual for the gene. If 1 parent has the gene, baby has a 50% chance of getting it
What is genetic engineering? The process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
What are transgenic organisms? A genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted
What are examples of transgenic organisms? E. Coli bacteria is inserted with human genes to make insulin Inserted genes from bacteria or with different crops to produce new ones (oraniwi
What is a mutation? Occurs when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand in change in the order it was in - creates an abnormality of the protein the codon sequence makes, protein can't function properly
What are mutagens? Radiation or su bstances that cause genes to mutate e.x radiation, vaping, smoking Mutagens that affect codons not in the gene segment does not change any traits of the organism
What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid which makes up a chromosome, responsible for instructions from the cell or organism
Created by: Rohan Shah
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