Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology EOC
Biology EOC Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that does not have a distinct nucleus or any other specialized organelles |
| Prokaryote example | Bacteria |
| Define Eukaryotes | Have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane |
| Eukaryotes example | Animals, Plants, Fungi, Amoeba |
| Define organelle | A sub cellular structure that has one or more specific job to perform in the cell |
| Function and location of ribosome | In the cytoplasm as well as the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they synthesize proteins |
| Function and description of cytoskeleton | A structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, it is made of micro tubules and filaments |
| Structure of the plasma membrane | The fundamental structure of the membrane is a phospholipid bilayer |
| 3 functions of the plasma membrane | physical barrier, layer with protein channels to selectively allow substances into and out of the cell, gives structure to the cell |
| organelles that are present in animal cells but not plant cells | centrosomes and lysosomes |
| The shape of plant cells | rectangular |
| organelles that are in plant cells but not animal cells | cell wall, chloroplasts and plastids |
| Define diffusion | movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration, passive transport |
| Define osmosis | movement of molecules from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution, passive transport |
| Define endocytosis | cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell, active transport |
| Define exocytosis | cellular process in which substances are brought out of the cell, active transport |
| which direction does diffusion occur | higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| sugar dissolving in water is an example of: | osmosis |
| Define homeostasis | the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions |
| Function of mitochondria | where atp (energy) is generated |
| Function of chloroplast | site of photosynthesis |
| where do light dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast | in the thylakoid and a long the thylakoid membrane |
| where does the light independent or Calvin cycle take place | stroma |
| what is atp | usable cellular energy that is released when a phosphate bond is broken and removed |
| Define glycolysis | breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules |
| where does glycolysis occur | in the cytoplasm |
| is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic | anaerobic |
| What is lactic acid fermentation and where does it occur | an anaerobic process by which sugars are converted into cellular energy, by product sore muscles. Occurs in muscle and bacterial animal cells |
| what is alcoholic fermentation and where does it occur | sugars are converted into cellular energy and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide, occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available |
| Light dependent reactions | Occur in the thylakoid, light and water required, energy storage molecules are formed, oxygen is made as a waste product |
| Light independent reations | Occur in storma, carbon fixation, ATP and NADPH molecules are created |
| what reactions use sunlight | Light Dependent |
| When is water split | Light independent |
| what happens during interphase | longest part of cell cycle, a cell grows and replicates DNa |
| Name 3 parts of interphase | G1, S, G2 |
| when during interphase is DNA copied | S phase |
| Define mitosis | the process in which two nuclei are formed, each with an identical set of chromosomes |
| Define Cytokinesis | The cells in half to form two new cells, each with its own nucleus and DNA |
| What process reduces the chromosome number | meiosis |
| how do prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, reproduce | Asexual reproduction, such as binary fission |
| 3 ways that cells maintain control over division | checkpoints, physical signals, cyclins |
| what happens when a cell loses control | cancer cells form |
| the difference between benign and malignant tumors | benign tumors stays at original site, malignant tumors break off and invade other systems |
| what is a tumor | mass of cancer cells |
| 3 things that make up an RNA nucleotide | Ribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous base |
| name the bonds that join the DNA sides | phosphate |
| what bonds do nitrigen bases bond with | hydrogen bonds |
| how is RNA different from DNA | the type of sugar, it is single stranded, and has uricil instead of thymine |
| The different types of RNA | Ribosomal RNA, Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA |
| Replication | makes more DNA |
| Transcription | makes RNA |
| Translation | makes proteins |
| Define abiotic factors and examples | the non-living factors of an ecosystem, examples: sunlight, temperature |
| Define biotic factors and examples | the living factors or once living factors of an ecosystem, examples: animals, plants |
| What are the living factors | Biotic factors |
| What is the food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| The difference between autotroughs and heterotroughs | One is their own primary food source (photosynthesis), the other cannot make their own food and eats other producers or consumers |
| what type of organism always begins a food chain | Primary Producers (autotroughs) |
| What is a food web | a network of feeding interactions |
| what is an energy period | a graphical representation, showing the flow of energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem |
| what is predation | one organism kills and consumes the other |
| what types of things do organisms compete for in an ecosystem | food, water, mates, space, places to sleep |
| how does overcrowding affect a populations size | spread of disease and or stress |
| Define commensalism | when one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected nor harmed (barnacles on a whale) |
| Define parasitism | when one species benefits at the expense of a host (tick on a dog) |
| Define mutualism | when both organisms benefit and help each other survive (flower and a bee) |
| Primary | No soil, beginning |
| Secondary | Soil already exist, occurs much faster |
| what is an species | a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| what is a population | a group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in a particular area |
| what is a community | group of different species that live together in one area |
| what is an ecosystem | a community and the abiotic/biotic factors that affect them |
| what is the difference between a reusable source and a non-reusable source | one can be used many times and one can only be used once |
| what is global warming | the natural and necessary warming effect when greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere |
| what are some natural resources that we are depleting | fresh water, soil, coal, natural gas |
| the process by which descendants different from their ancesters | evolution |
| term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in their enviroment | adaption |
| if an individual is well suited to their environment they will survive and produce more | offspring |
| what are the 4 principles of the theory of natural selection | overproduction, descent with modification, variation, adaption |
| what is the difference between marcoevolution and micro evolution | Macro- large scale, Micro- small scale |
| 6 things that lead to genetic variability | gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, mutations, non-random mating, enviroment |
| what does the gene pool represent | all the alleles of all organisms in a population |
| what is the difference between genetic drift and gene flow | genetic drift with become less common and eventually will be eliminated, gene flow is caused by interbreeding and migration into and out of a population |
| what types of traits could enhance an individuals chance at mating | color, scent, mating ritual, competitive strength |
| what is a mutation | a change in DNA sequence |
| what are examples of mutations | deletions, additions (insertions) of sections of DNA |
| what are some examples of environmental factors that can lead to evolution | catastrophes, natural disaster, climate change |
| what is the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium | gradualism is the changes made over a period of time, slow; while punctuated is sudden spurts of change |
| Convergent evolution | 2 species become more alike |
| Divergent | species become different (eventually making a new species) |
| what is the difference between mass and gradual extintion | mass extinction I'd sudden elimination while gradual extinction is elimination over time |
| Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection | those who are more adapted to their environment are more like to survive and reproduce |
| How does a fossil record help us determine the evolution of organisms | allows us to compare species from the past to the present |
| carbohydrates | organic compound that provides nutrients to the cells of things, glucose |
| proteins | organic molecule made of amino acids that is a principle component of all cells, hair or nails |
| lipids | large, non-polar organic molecule, store energy and make cell membranes, fats, oils |
| nucleic acids | organic compound that carries genetic information, DNA, RNA |
| what is an enzyme | it is a protein that can speed up a reaction |
| define denaturation | the breakdown of an enzyme |
| who is Gregory Mendel | this guy carried out the first important studies of heredity, began the field of genetics, used garden pea plants in his experiments |
| The law of dominance | the dominant allele will be show unless the dominant allele is absent |
| the law of segregation | allows from a trait are separates during meiosis and are reunited during fertilization and only one end up in each sex cell |
| the law of independent assortment | genes on separate chromosomes segregate independently during meiosis |
| What is a codominace trait | Two alleles are expressed completely in heterogeneous individuals (black and white chicken) |
| What is incomplete dominance | one allele is not completely dominant over the other (pink flowers) |
| when does crossing over occur | pro-phase 1 of meiosis |
| what is crossing over | a process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genes, important for genetic variation |
Created by:
avaJwilliams
Popular Biology sets