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Ap enviro sci
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biomes | Environments separated based on abiotic and biotic factors, such as topography, vegetation, and animals. |
| ecotones | area where 2 biomes meet |
| ecozones | smaller regions within ecosystems that share traits. |
| epilimnion | the uppermost layer |
| hypolimnion | lower and colder layer |
| thermocline | the transitional layer |
| littoral zone | shallowest water |
| limnetic zone | open water |
| profundal zone | too deep for sunlight to penetrate |
| benthic zone | surface or bottom layer |
| coastal zone | ocean level closest to land |
| euphotic zone | upper layers of water |
| bathyal zone | middle region colder and darker |
| abyssal zone | deepest region of the ocean |
| precipitation | rain or snowfall |
| groundwater | the water table |
| runoff | the water that flows over rock and enters a water system |
| evaporation | water that is turned into vapour |
| transpiration | plants release large amounts of water |
| respiration | organisms breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide |
| photosynthesis | plants take in carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrates |
| combustion | burning of fossil fuels release carbon dioxide |
| Nitrogen fixation | atmospheric effects and soil bacteria "fix" nitrogen to nitrates and ammonia.. |
| nitrification | soil bacteria converts ammonia or ammonium into nitrites and then nitrates |
| assimilation | plants absorbs ammonium, ammonia ions, and nitrate ions through their roots |
| ammonification | decomposing bacteria convert dead organism and other waste to ammonia or ammonia ions |
| denitrification | specialized bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates and then into nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide ga |
| limiting factor | any factor tat controls a populations growth |
| eutrophication | when a body of water recieves excess nutrients and an algae bloom occurs and deplete water of oxygen |
| autotrophs | organisms tat can produce their own organic chemicals |
| heterotrophs | obtain their nutrients from living organisms |
| producers | organisms that produce carboydrates from sunlight |
| consumers | organisms that eat producers or other consumers |
| net primary productivity | that amount of energy plants pass on to herbivores |
| trophic level | feeding levels |
| food chain | bottom step is the producer and te top step is the consumers |
| 10% rule | 90% of energy is lost through every level |
| food webs | a interconnected web that displays ow food istransferred |
| law of tolerance | te level that organisms can survive with changes to teir environment |
| law of the minimum | organisms will consume materials until those materials are depleted |
| climax community | te final stage of an ecosystem, balance between abiotic and biotic factors |
| invasive species | introduced species that invade a habitat |
| provisioning services | water, food and medicinal reasources |
| regulating services | purifications and reulation of predators and prey |
| cultural services | use of nature for emotional services |
| supporting seervices | services that make other services able to function |
| keystone species | the species that affect te surrounding environment the most |
| indicator species | they show how te environment is doing |
| indigenous species | native species in a area |
| primary succesion | a lifeless area |
| secondary succesion | after an existing community has been cleared |
| ecological succesion | te stages of environment |
Created by:
Big dog mas
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