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Microbiology Final
Microbiology Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bacteria that have a mutualistic relationship with their human host? | Microbiota |
| the theory which describes hoe eukaryotes evolved is.... | Endosymbiosis |
| Koch Postulates: | 1. Microbe is present in all disease cases but absent from healthy 2. Microbe can be isolated from diseased host and grown in culture 3. Microbe causes same disease when put into healthy animal 4. same strain of microbe is present in new diseased host |
| A disease causing microorganism is known as? | Pathogen |
| Transport that requires energy - name one molecule that this happens through. | Active Transport; transport protein |
| environment that causes swelling or lysing of a cell is which type? | Hypotonic |
| Diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are all types of what transport? | Passive |
| A 1 and 3 unit sugar are called what type of carbohydrate? | Disaccharide and Monosaccharide |
| Organisms that create their own organic compounds? | Autotrophs |
| Microbe growing at the very bottom of a broth culture; doesn't require oxygen to live, would be categorized as an ... | Anaerobe |
| A microbe that doesn't grow at the top or bottom? | Muicroaerophile |
| Habitats where an organism can inhabit | Fundamental Niche |
| Where an organism actually lives based upon resources, competition | Realized Niche |
| What type of organisms causes Leishmaniasis? | Trypanososmes |
| What type of organisms causes meningoencephalitis? | Amoeba; Naegleria Fowleri |
| Organisms that have hyphae and chitin cell walls are called? | Filamentous Fungus |
| Major characteristic that defines eukaryotes? | membrane bound organelles; nucleus |
| virus that infects a human patient and can also affect cats - they would be called a virus's... | Host range |
| Which macromolecule and structure allows viruses to attach to a host cell? | Protein / spike proteins |
| types of Bacteriophage infections | Lytic and Lysogenic |
| How many total ATP are generated from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration? | 38 (2,2,34) |
| Three processes in order for aerobic respiration? | Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC/ETS |
| What macromolecule is a enzyme? | protein |
| smallest unit of DNA? | nucleic acid |
| describe organization of DNA in bacterium? | circular with some plasmids |
| which stage of aerobic cellular respiration generates the most ATP? | 3rd and last stage; ETC/ETS |
| dna replication process in prokaryotes? | cytoplasm |
| dna replication process in eukaryotes? | nucleus |
| Tetanus and botulism affect which anatomical structure? | muscles |
| heat resistance structures formed from firmicutes from lack of nutrients? | Endospores |
| IBD and obesity are associated woth two phyla of bacteria? | firmicutes and bacteriodes |
| biotech process that amplifies DNA and its 3 parts? | Polymerase Chain Reaction: denature, prime, extend |
| biotech process that separates segments of DNA based upon size? | gel electrophoresis |
| labeled and known segments of DNA used to detect specific sequences of nucleotides are called? | gene probes |
| bacteriophages as a normal replication process via a host is called? | transduction |
| body region protected by innate immunity to include acidic pH, lactic acid, touch cell barrier, microbiota? | skin |
| phagocytic white blood cells that can migrate into body tissues? | monocytes |
| two major phagocytic cells of the body? | neutrophils and macrophages |
| reduce number of microbes? | bacteriostatic |
| kill microbes? | bacteriocidal |
| does freezing/drying kill microbes? what does it do? | no does not kill, is bacteriostatic and reduces reproduction/slows down metabolic activity |
| way of sterilzation? | autoclave |
| disinfection of bevrages? | pasteurization |
| numerus leukocytes that are phagocytic? | neutrophils |
| what are basophils/eosinophiles? | release toxics to the microbe; inflammation |
| aerobes? | sit at the top of a test tube |
| phototroph? | uses light as a energy source |
| autotroph? | Produces: make their own nutrients from the inorganic substances (carbon dioxide). |
| isotonic? | equal tension solution; can be used to replace lost salts and fluids from the human body |
| heterotrophs? | consumers: cannot produce its own food, consumes nutrients from other sources like plants or animals |
| lithotroph? | microorganisms that use inorganic compounds as electron donors to conserve energy for growth. |
| chemotroph? | organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of reduced compounds |
| organotroph? | organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates. |
| Steps of Viral Replication? | 1. attach 2. enter host 3. released RNA/DNA 4. replicate virus 5. reconstruct host cell 6. on to next cell |
| 3 levels of cell evolution | Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya |
| 4 macromolecules and smallest structure | Nucleic Acid - basic unit is nucleotide Carbohydrates - monosaccharide (single sugar) Lipids (fat) - glycerol, fatty acids Proteins - amino acid |
Created by:
amy.still
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