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Ch. 14A&B & 15A&B
Flashcards to use to review for Ch. 14A&B & 15A&B Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of energy | Carbohydrates |
| Nutrients that promote normal growth, give you energy, and keep your skin healthy. | Fats |
| Fats occur in what foods? | meat, dairy, eggs, oils, nuts |
| Elements found in food that are used by the body | Minerals |
| common minerals in the body | calcium, phosphates, copper, magnesium, iron |
| compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients | Vitamins |
| Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues (made of amino acids) | Proteins |
| Carbohydrates occur in what foods? | breads, pasta, cereals, starchy vegetables, anything made with flour or rice, or wheat or oats |
| Proteins occur in what foods? | meats, eggs, nuts, beans |
| substance critical for life, regulates digestion, body temperature, blood volume | water |
| Which of the six nutrients does your body use for energy? | carbs, fats, proteins |
| what are the two types of fats? | saturated and unsaturated |
| fats that are solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| fats, such as oils, that remain liquid at room temperature | unsaturated fats |
| Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body | Calories |
| Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used | Digestion |
| Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces (mouth and stomach mostly) | mechanical digestion |
| Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use (most common in small intestine, but some in stomach and in mouth too) | chemical digestion |
| Carbohydrates are broken into (chemical parts) | simple sugars (glucose mostly) |
| liquid that help break down fats | bile |
| Proteins are broken down into | amino acids |
| The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood | Absorption |
| nutrients such as glucose from food power what process | cellular respiration |
| turning food into energy and growth in the body tissues | Assimilation |
| the digestive tract, the gastronintestinal tract | alimentary canal |
| accessory organs of the digestive system | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| The fluid released in the mouth that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion (breaking down starch mostly) | saliva |
| Saliva is produced by? | salivary glands |
| Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. | Peristalsis |
| Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach. (nasty to throw up) | Chyme |
| From the stomach chyme is released into _________________ | small intestine |
| An organ that produces digestive enzymes which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. | Pancreas |
| produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats and has many other chemical functions | liver |
| Bile is stored in the | gallbladder |
| Bile is produced by | liver |
| Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed | Villi |
| Absorbs water and minerals and eliminates indigestible wastes | large intestine |
| A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form and stored before being eliminated | Rectum |
| Pumps blood out of the heart.to the lungs | Right Ventricle |
| Pumps blood out of the heart. to the body | Left Ventricle |
| Keeps blood from back flowing into the left ventricle of the heart. | aortic semilunar valve |
| Keeps the blood from back flowing into the heart or in a vein | Valves |
| Receives blood from the lungs | Left Atrium |
| Receives blood from the body | Right Atrium |
| carries blood to the body | Aorta |
| carries blood to the lungs | Pulmonary artery |
| carries blood from the lungs to the heart. | Pulmonary veins |
| Which structure first prevents food from entering your lungs when you swallow? | epiglottis |
| Most blood cells are formed in the | bone marrow |
| During a strenuous workout, which of the following tells your body to increase your breathing rate | the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood |
| What is the purpose of valves? | to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction |
| Which blood component provides defense against pathogens? | white blood cells |
| The pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins connect the heart and | lungs |
| Which structure, also known as the windpipe, is the main passageway to your lungs? | trachea |
| Give the sequence of structures that makes the pathway of air as it travels from outside your body to the blood | nasal cavity → epiglottis → glottis→ larynx → trachea → bronchus → alveoli |
| When your diaphragm contracts what happens? | you inhale and your chest cavity enlarges |
| The muscular chambers that pump blood to the lungs or body are the ___. | ventricles |
| What is the fluid portion of the blood? | plasma |
| Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to and removing carbon dioxide from your body. | systemic circulation |
| Carbon dioxide and oxygen pass between the alveoli and capillaries by ___. | diffusion |
| You ___ when your diaphragm and rib muscles contract to force the air out. | inhale |
| Arteries branch into small vessels called ___ | capillaries |
| the largest part of your blood is made up of ___ . | plasma |
| Your ___ measures how quickly your heart is beating. | pulse |
| Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ___ | arteries |
| A blood clot forms when what part of the blood starts the process. | platelets |
| The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries is called ___. | blood pressure |
| What structure warms and moistens air as it enters the respiratory system? | the nasal cavity |
| the other name for the voicebox | the larynx |
| what is the oxygen carrying molecule in red blood cells? | hemoglobin |
| What is pulmonary circulation? | carrying blood to and from the lungs? |
Created by:
Mr.JFoster
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