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7th Grade Semester 2
Semester 2 Vocabulary Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next |
| Gene | A sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is parent from parent to offspring |
| Nucleus | Organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities |
| Meiosis | The process of formation of sex cells. The number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
| Mitosis | The process of cell division which results in an exact copy of the original cell. |
| Dominant Allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism as long as the organism has the allele. |
| Recessive Allele | An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. |
| Heterozygous | One dominant allele and one recessive allele. (Bb) |
| Homozygous | Having two of the same alleles (BB or bb) |
| Genotype | An organism genetic makeup, or allele combination |
| Phenotype | An organism visible appearance or visible traits. |
| Pedigree | A tool that geneticist use to map out the inherited traits of a family |
| Fossil Record | All the fossils that have been discovered and what scientist have learned from them. |
| Evolution | Change over time. The process by which modern organism have descended from ancient organisms |
| Natural Selection | The process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce |
| Adaption | An inherited behavior or physical characteristics that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Extinction | Used to refer to a group of organisms that have died out |
| Species | A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce |
| Ecosystem | The community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with their non-living environment |
| Producer | An organism that can make its own food |
| Consumer | An organism that obtains energy by feeding on another organism |
| Decomposer | An organism that gets energy by breaking down biotic waste and dead organisms and returns raw materials to the soil and water |
| Limiting Factor | An environmental factor that causes a population to decrease in size |
| Symbiosis | Any relationship in which two species live closely together and that benefits at least one of the species |
| Mutualism | A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit from living together |
| Commensalism | A type of symbiosis between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed |
| Parasitism | A type of symbiosis in which one organism lives with, or, or in a host and harms it |
| Predation | A n interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | The principle that the total amount of matter remains the same, regardless of any chemical or physical change. |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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