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Quarter 4 Terms Bio

TermDefinition
abiotic Non-living factors in the environment.
abiotic factor Non-living component of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, and soil.
adaptation A characteristic or trait that enhances an organism's survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
advantageous trait A beneficial characteristic that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.
amino acid sequencing The order of amino acids in a protein, determined by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
analogous structure Structures in different species that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
anatomy The study of the structure and organization of living organisms.
behavior Actions or reactions of organisms to stimuli in their environment.
beneficial Having a positive effect on an organism's survival or reproduction.
biochemical evidence Molecular data, such as DNA sequences or protein structures, used to study evolutionary relationships.
biogeography The study of the geographic distribution of species and ecosystems.
biotic Living factors in the environment.
cladogram A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.
coevolution The evolutionary influence that two or more species have on each other, often resulting in adaptations in response to one another.
common ancestry Shared evolutionary history or lineage among different species.
comparative anatomy The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
competition Interaction between organisms or species for limited resources.
convergent evolution Evolution of similar traits or characteristics in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures.
descent with modification The process by which species gradually change over time, with new species descending from ancestral species.
detrimental Having a harmful or negative effect on an organism's survival or reproduction.
distribution The geographic range or spread of a species or population.
disturbance Disruption of an ecosystem or habitat that affects the abundance and distribution of species.
diverge To become different or distinct, especially through evolution.
DNA sequencing Determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
ecosystem A community of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
electrophoresis A laboratory technique used to separate molecules, such as DNA fragments or proteins, based on their size and charge.
embryo Early developmental stage of a multicellular organism.
embryology The study of embryos and their development.
environment The surroundings or conditions in which an organism lives and interacts.
evolution The process of change over time in the genetic composition of populations, leading to the formation of new species.
evolutionary tree A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms.
extinction The complete disappearance of a species or group of organisms.
fitness The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment, contributing to the next generation's gene pool.
fossil The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
fossil record The collective body of fossil evidence providing information about the history of life on Earth.
founder effect The genetic variation that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population isolated from the original population.
gene A hereditary unit that carries information for a specific trait and is passed from parent to offspring.
gene flow The transfer of genetic material from one population to another through migration and interbreeding.
gene frequency The proportion of a particular allele in a population's gene pool.
gene pool The total collection of genes and alleles in a population at a particular time.
genetic drift Changes in allele frequencies in a population due to random events or chance.
genetic variation Differences in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population or species.
geographic isolation Physical separation of populations by geographic barriers, leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.
geologic record The history of Earth's formation and changes over time, as revealed by rock layers and fossils.
gradualism The concept that evolution occurs gradually through small, incremental changes over long periods of time.
heritable Traits that can be passed from parents to offspring through genetic information.
heritable trait A characteristic that is genetically determined and can be passed from one generation to the next.
homologous structure Structures in different species that have a common evolutionary origin but may serve different functions.
homology Similarity in traits or structures resulting from common ancestry.
limited resources Environmental factors or materials in limited supply that organisms compete for.
morphology The study of the form and structure of organisms and their parts.
mutation A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation and evolutionary change.
natural selection The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.
paleontology The study of prehistoric life through the analysis of fossils.
phenotypic expression The observable traits or characteristics of an organism determined by its genetic makeup and environmental factors.
phenotypic similarity Similarity in observable traits or characteristics between organisms.
phenotypic variation Variation in observable traits or characteristics within a population or species.
phylogenic tree A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms.
phylogeny The evolutionary history and relationships among organisms or groups of organisms.
physiology The study of the functions and processes of living organisms and their parts.
population A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area and capable of interbreeding.
proliferation Rapid increase or reproduction of a population or species.
reproductive isolation Barrier to successful reproduction between populations due to genetic, behavioral, or geographic factors.
sedimentary layers Layers of sedimentary rock formed over time through the accumulation and compression of sediments.
selective pressure Environmental factors that favor certain traits or characteristics over others, influencing natural selection.
sexual reproduction Reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents, leading to genetic variation in offspring.
sexual selection Differential mating success due to certain traits or behaviors that enhance an individual's reproductive success.
speciation The process by which new species evolve from existing species.
species A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring in nature.
stability The ability of an ecosystem or population to maintain its structure and function over time.
survival rate The percentage of individuals in a population that survive to a given age or stage.
trait A characteristic or feature of an organism, determined by genetic and environmental factors.
variation Differences in traits or characteristics among individuals within a population or species.
vestigial structure A structure that has lost its original function through evolution but is retained in the organism's anatomy.
Created by: brookebiery
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