Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
apes unit 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acute study | an experiment exposing subject to envi hazards for a short duration |
| AIDS | infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus |
| asbestos | carcinogen found in older buildings, causes lung cancer and scarring |
| atrazine | endocrine disruptor, herbicide |
| bioaccumulation | increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time |
| biomagnification | chemical concentration increase as it passed up the food chain |
| bird flu | flu caused by H5N1 virus |
| brownfields | contaminated sites that may require cleanup before development (ex: old factory) |
| carcinogen | a chemical that causes cancer (ex: arsenic, asbestos, radon) |
| chronic study | an experiment exposing subject to envi hazards for a long duration |
| clean water act (1972) | this act protects aquatic wildlife by maintaining a balance of water's properties |
| closed loop recycling | recycling a product into the same product |
| concerning heavy metals | lead (old paint and pipes), arsenic (earth's crust), mercury (coal combustion) |
| DDT | endocrine disrupter found in birds, used illegally on imported food, banned in US, bioaccumulates |
| dead zone formation | wastewater contamination -> increase in microbe activity -> high biochemical oxy demand -> low oxy concentrations |
| disease facts | - <3/4 of world deaths are from disease - top 6 infections diseases: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhea, HIV/AIDS, respiratory |
| dose response study | a study that exposes organisms to dif amounts of a chemical and watches effects |
| e-waste | - electrical product waste, old devices - 2% of waste stream (but big effect) - has mercury and cadmium (can leach out of landfills) |
| ED50 | dose of chemicals that gives 50% of participants in a dose response study sublethal effects |
| emergent infectious disease | infectious disease that has not been common for 20+ years |
| endocrine distruptor | a chemical that interferes with hormones (ex: atrazine, DDT) |
| epidemic | pathogen causes rapid increase in disease (small area) |
| exxon valdez oil spill | 11 million gallons of oil spilled. 2 decade cleanup, caused double hull regulation |
| hazardous waste | material harmful to humans/ecosystems, must be treated carefully |
| HIV | a type of virus that causes AIDS |
| how methane and CO2 come from landfills | anaerobic decomposition |
| incineration | - burning waste to reduce volume - ash- material that is left over after incineration - bottom ash- residue collected at the bottom of the combustion chamber - fly ash- ash in the air |
| incineration consequences | - tipping fees higher than landfills - air pollutants from incomplete combustion - ash made is more toxic than MSW |
| incineration steps | waste dumped in bunker, crane moves it to hopper, waste burned, ash collected, baghouse filter sifts air |
| infectious disease | disease caused by pathogen/bacteria/virus |
| innocent until proven guilty principle | a principle that something is not considered a hazard until scientific data shows harm |
| integrated waste management | employs several waste reduction methods to reduce envi impact (looks at manufacturing, use, and disposal) |
| landfill problems | ground water contamination, methane gas formation (3rd largest source in US), disease vector hazards |
| LD50 | lethal dose of chemical killing 50% of dose response study participants |
| leachate | polluted liquid after touching waste |
| life cycle analysis | looks at materials involved over the lifetime of a product, aka cradle to grave analysis |
| lyme disease | a disease caused by a bacterium transmitted by ticks |
| mad cow disease | a disease where prions mutate into deadly pathogens that damage a cow's nervous system :( |
| malaria | infectious disease caused by protists in the genus Plasmodium |
| manure lagoon | manmade rubber pond for livestock wastewater |
| mutagen | a type of carcinogen that causes damage to the genetic material of a cell |
| neurotoxin | a chemical that disrupts nervous systems (ex: lead, mercury) |
| nonpoint source | a diffuse area that produces pollution |
| oil pollution | 60% natural seeps, 40% consumption of petroleum |
| open loop recycling | recycling a product into a dif product |
| PCB | industrial chemical, now banned, neurotoxin, bioaccumulates |
| persistence | the length of time a chem remains in envi (half life is related to this) |
| philosophies of risk management | innocent until proven guilty principle, precautionary principle |
| plague | infectious disease caused by bacterium carried by fleas |
| planned obsolescence | production of products that become lass desirable over time, encouraging purchase of an upgrade |
| point source | a distinct location from which pollution is directly produced |
| precautionary principle | a belief that action should be taken against a potential envi hazard |
| prion | a small protein that occasionally mutates into a pathogen |
| prospective study | a study monitoring people who might be exposed to envi hazard in the future |
| qualitative risk assessment | judgements of risk based on perceptions |
| quantitative risk assessment | judgements of risk based on data/facts |
| REACH (2007) | agreement among EU about chemical regulations |
| resource conservation and recovery act | this act is to reduce hazardous waste, aka cradle-to-grave tracking (EPA keeps list of hazardous waste tracking) |
| retrospective study | a study monitoring people who were exposed to envi hazard in the past |
| risk analysis process | risk assessment (identify, how toxic, how much) -> risk acceptance (how much to allow) -> risk management (deal with it) |
| risk formula | probability of exposure to hazard * probability of harm if exposed |
| route of exposure | the way someone comes in contact with envi hazard |
| safe water drinking act (1974) | this act sets the national standard for drinking water by establishing max containment levels |
| sanitary landfill | a facility for holding MSW while minimizing contaminating environment (clay liner, leachate protection system, cap, ect) |
| SARS | a flu caused by covid |
| sediment | - construction sites, poor farming practices - clogs gills, decreases photosynthesis- silt fences to mediate |
| septic systems | water from house held in large tank, solids settle, bacteria breaks down sewage, water goes to leach field |
| sewage treatment plant | great volumes of wastewater are held here. sludge separated from water and bacteria breaks down both. primary, secondary, tertiary stages |
| solid waste | - trash, sludge - threat to creatures- laws for dumping |
| solubility | how well a chemical dissolves in liquid (fat soluble chems not soluble in water) |
| source reduction | reduces use of potential waste materials (stop it before it happens) |
| stockholm convention (2001) | agreement among 127 nations banning 12 chemicals |
| sublethal effect | effects from envi hazards that are not lethal but still detrimental |
| superfund act (CERCLA) | this act imposes a tax on chemical and petroleum industries, funds hazardous waste cleanup (direct response to release of hazardous waste) |
| sustainable materials management | focuses on resource, envi, and human health impacts over the life cycle of materials |
| swine flu | flu cause by H1N1 virus |
| synergistic interaction | 2 risks causing more harm than expected together based on each individual risk |
| teratogen | a chemical that interferes with development before birth (ex: alcohol) |
| thermal pollution | runoff from nuclear power plants into water bodies. warm water holds LESS DO. DECREASED respiration -> sufforcation |
| throw away society | A society with an attitude to consumption that pays little attention to the need to recycle. |
| tipping fee | a fee for disposing material in a landfill |
| tuberculosis | contagious disease caused by bacterium in lungs |
| waste stream | the flow of solid waste that is disposed of in some way |
| wastewater | water produced by livestock operations and human activities (grey water) |
| wastewater disease causing organisms | can carry pathogens and bacteria, e.coli, can cause cholera and stomach flu |
| wastewater nutrient release | algae blooms from phosphorus (eutrophication) |
| wastewater oxygen demand | biological ____ _____ (BOD), lower indicates less wastewater present, can lead to dead zone (area with very low oxy) |
| water pollution | contamination of streams, lakes, oceans, or groundwater through substances produce by human activities |
| west nile virus | a virus in birds, transmitted by mosquitos |
| zika virus disease | a disease caused by a pathogen that causes fetuses to be born with small heads |
Created by:
lkellermsma
Popular Earth Science sets